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Weekly compilation · Bihar PSC (BPSC)

BPSC Weekly Current Affairs 21 Sep – 27 Sep 2026

5 daily editions · 54 topics · 10 MCQs · Bihar + National · updates daily till Sunday

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2 Nov – 8 Nov 202626 Oct – 1 Nov 202619 Oct – 25 Oct 202612 Oct – 18 Oct 20265 Oct – 11 Oct 202628 Sep – 4 Oct 202621 Sep – 27 Sep 202614 Sep – 20 Sep 20267 Sep – 13 Sep 202631 Aug – 6 Sep 2026

Weekly at a glance

All topics — key facts for revision

21 September 2026

Full notes with diagrams →
BIHAR Bihar Floods 2026: 47 Lakh Affected as Ganga Breaches 2016 Peak
  • 47.33 lakh people affected across 15 districts, including Bhagalpur, Patna, Saran, Vaishali and Katihar.
  • The Ganga at Gandhi Ghat, Patna crossed its previous maximum recorded level of 2016.
  • Relief: 1,221 community kitchens, 15 relief camps, 1,876 boats, 27 SDRF + 10 NDRF teams.
  • September rainfall about 27% above normal (104.1 mm); four embankment breaches in Bhagalpur.
ECONOMY Bihar's Integrated Sugar-Ethanol Push: 25 New Mills in Five Years
  • Target of 25 new sugar mills in Bihar over five years (Sugarcane Industries Dept.).
  • Foundation of 2 mills on 20 Nov 2026 at Sakri (Madhubani) and Raiyam (Darbhanga).
  • Integrated model links sugar + ethanol + cogen power + CBG for value addition.
  • Rs 2,137.83 crore sugarcane dues cleared for 2025-26; 266 acres secured for Motipur mill.
BIHAR Mithila Makhana: GI Crop Anchored by the National Makhana Board
  • Mithila Makhana holds a Geographical Indication (GI) tag (granted 2022).
  • National Makhana Board (Budget 2025-26) is headquartered in Bihar.
  • Makhana Vikas Yojana 2026-27 funds seed, ponds, processing and FPO linkage.
  • Bihar grows nearly 90% of India's makhana, centred on Darbhanga, Madhubani, Purnea.
ECONOMY ADB to Back Bihar with Over $1 Billion for Industry and Social Sectors
  • Support of over $1 billion (about Rs 9,000 crore) across sectors.
  • New industrial hubs planned at Gaya and Muzaffarpur to boost manufacturing and logistics.
  • Funds target the Buddhist Circuit, irrigation modernisation and smart-grid energy.
  • Includes Bihar Health and Medical Education Transformation and school-readiness reforms.
SOCIETY Women-Centric Welfare: Mukhyamantri Mahila Rojgar Yojana Scales Up
  • Initial grant of Rs 10,000 each transferred to lakhs of women via DBT.
  • Second phase offers scaling support of up to Rs 2 lakh for viable enterprises.
  • Targets Jeevika self-help group members across rural Bihar.
  • Part of a wider push on women-led development and financial inclusion.
BIHAR Bihar Metro Web Widens Beyond Patna's First Corridor
  • Patna Metro first phase became operational in October 2025.
  • Metro/rapid transit planned for Muzaffarpur, Gaya, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur.
  • Urban transport tied to new industrial hubs and tourism circuits.
  • Aims to cut congestion and vehicular emissions in growing cities.
POLITY Supreme Court Seeks a Uniform National Law on Court Deposits
  • Bench of Justices P.S. Narasimha and Alok Aradhe referred the issue to the Law Commission.
  • Current system forces repeated case-by-case decisions on investment, renewal and interest.
  • The court suggested studying the US Court Registry Investment System as a model.
  • Aim: consistent, transparent handling of large sums parked in litigation.
POLITY FCRA Amendment Bill 2026: Foreign Funds to Vest with Government on Cancellation
  • Foreign funds/assets to vest in a designated authority upon licence cancellation.
  • About 22,496 FCRA registrations cancelled since 2015; roughly 14,466 active.
  • Domestic philanthropy projected near Rs 1.43 lakh crore; CSR spend about Rs 22,563 crore (FY25).
  • Seen as tightening oversight of foreign funding of NGOs.
SCI-TECH Semiconductor Mission Phase 2 Shifts from Assembly to Fabrication
  • About Rs 1.27 lakh crore committed under the mission's next phase.
  • Investor interest of roughly Rs 1 lakh crore received.
  • Focus shifts from ATMP (assembly/testing) to design, fabrication, equipment, materials.
  • Five-year target: chips for automobiles, power systems and appliances.
IR Russia Stays India's Top Crude Supplier Amid Fresh US Sanctions Pressure
  • Russia = 51% of India's crude oil imports (July 2026).
  • US law authorises up to 100% tariffs on Russian-oil buyers, stacking on existing duties.
  • Any levy needs a presidential waiver justification to the US Congress.
  • India balances energy affordability against external pressure and diversification.
ECONOMY India-China Trade Deficit Widens as Imports Surge, Exports Stay Flat
  • Bilateral trade about $167.6 billion (2025).
  • Imports up 71% from $87.5B to $149.5B (2021-2025); exports roughly flat.
  • About 70% of imports are intermediate goods; 22% capital goods.
  • Rising import dependence in electronics and machinery components.

22 September 2026

Full notes with diagrams →
BIHAR ECI notifies 28 MLC seats — Bihar to elect 8 Graduate & Teacher members
  • MLC (Graduate/Teacher) seats: UP 11, Bihar 8, Maharashtra 5, Karnataka 4 — total 28.
  • MLC polling on 23 October 2026 (8 am–4 pm); counting 27 October.
  • Alongside, 12 Rajya Sabha seats (UP 10, Uttarakhand 1, WB 1 bye) poll on 16 October.
  • Bihar's Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) is a permanent House of 75 members.
BIHAR Bihar flood crisis: 46+ lakh affected in 15 districts as three rivers swell
  • Over 46 lakh people affected across 15 districts; NDRF & SDRF teams deployed.
  • Kosi ('Sorrow of Bihar'), Gandak and the Ganga all above danger levels.
  • Relief: contributions to the Chief Minister's Relief Fund from state bodies underway.
  • Bihar is India's most flood-prone state — about 73% of its area is flood-affected.
BIHAR National Makhana Board scheme powers Mithila's fox-nut economy
  • Scheme outlay: ₹476.03 crore for 2025-26 to 2030-31.
  • Grown in 9 districts — Darbhanga, Madhubani, Purnea, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul, Sitamarhi, Kishanganj, Araria.
  • Board notified (14 Sep 2025) and launched in Bihar (15 Sep 2025).
  • Mithila Makhana holds a GI tag (2022); India makes ~80% of world makhana.
BIHAR Khagaria to be plugged into two greenfield expressway corridors
  • Proposed links to the Buxar–Bhagalpur six-lane highway.
  • And to the Patna–Purnea Greenfield Expressway.
  • Aim: faster freight and passenger movement in east-central Bihar.
  • Part of Bihar's push on greenfield expressways for logistics.
BIHAR Patna High Court holds officials accountable, awards cost to citizen
  • Court held a District Magistrate's action illegal.
  • ₹1 lakh compensation ordered, to be realised from erring officials.
  • Reinforces personal accountability of public servants.
  • Delivered under the HC's writ (Art. 226) powers.
IR India–New Zealand Free Trade Agreement to enter into force on 20 October
  • New Zealand offers 100% duty-free access to Indian exports.
  • India excludes dairy and sensitive farm products from concessions.
  • Expected to aid Indian services, pharma and textiles.
  • India still lacks a trade pact with China among RCEP economies.
SCI-TECH UPI 'Tap & Pay' unveiled at Global Fintech Fest 2026
  • Uses NFC; works even without the user's mobile data (via terminal's internet).
  • PIN-less for transactions up to ₹5,000.
  • Operated by NPCI (a not-for-profit co., est. 2008) under RBI guidance.
  • RuPay credit cards have supported UPI linkage since 2022.
HEALTH Ayurveda Day fixed on 23 September; 2026 is the 11th observance
  • Fixed by Gazette Notification (23 March 2025); 2026 = 11th Ayurveda Day.
  • WHO Global Traditional Medicine Centre is at Jamnagar, Gujarat.
  • WHO ICD-11 (TM2) codes Ayurveda, Siddha & Unani diagnostic terms.
  • Falls under the Ministry of AYUSH.
SCI-TECH ISRO details Gaganyaan crew-module parachute recovery sequence
  • Drogue chutes deploy first to stabilise & slow the capsule.
  • Reefing limits initial canopy opening to manage opening shock.
  • Three main parachutes deploy for the final descent before splashdown.
  • Gaganyaan is India's first human spaceflight programme.
SOCIETY Asian Games 2026 (Aichi-Nagoya): India 12th with 6 medals; China dominates
  • India (as on 21 Sep): 0 gold, 4 silver, 2 bronze = 6; ranked 12th.
  • China leads with 23 gold (38 medals); Japan 2nd, South Korea 3rd.
  • Games run 19 September – 4 October 2026.
  • 43 sports, 71 disciplines, 469 medal events.

23 September 2026

Full notes with diagrams →
BIHAR Samrat Choudhary Cabinet pushes jobs, AI & EV agenda
  • Bihar AI Mission aims to train 7,000 students over 5 years; a new Bihta dairy unit adds ~170 jobs.
  • The CM's environment-friendly transport scheme targets a 30% EV share by 2030, with incentives for women buyers.
  • DA was raised to 60% for ~9 lakh employees & 3.5 lakh pensioners; 100 acres in Vaishali went to a NIFTEM food-tech institute.
BIHAR Bihar floods hit 46 lakh as Ganga breaks records
  • Over 46 lakh people across 15 districts are affected; earlier estimates put displacement near 40 lakh (4 million).
  • The Ganga, Kosi, Gandak and Bagmati are all above the danger mark, with embankment breaches reported.
  • NDRF and SDRF teams, boats and relief camps are deployed; North Bihar's Kosi–Gandak belt is worst hit.
ENVIRONMENT Why the Kosi–Gandak flood cycle keeps repeating
  • Bihar's flood rivers — Kosi, Gandak, Bagmati, Burhi Gandak — originate in the Nepal/Himalaya and dump heavy silt on the plains.
  • High-cusec releases from the Kosi and Gandak barrages raise downstream risk within hours.
  • Embankment breaches convert protected land into flood zones; siltation steadily raises riverbeds.
ECONOMY Bihar economy crosses ₹9.9 lakh crore, outpaces India
  • Bihar's GSDP reached ₹9,91,997 crore at current prices in 2024-25.
  • Real growth was 8.6%, ahead of India's 6.5%; nominal growth was 13.1%.
  • Per-capita income was ₹76,490 — still among India's lowest; the secondary sector grew 11.1%.
BIHAR Mithila Makhana's GI boom reshapes Bihar's farm economy
  • Mithila Makhana received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2022; Bihar grows the bulk of India's makhana.
  • Makhana — with ghee and gulab jamun — features in Bihar's dairy & food exports to the US and Canada.
  • Shahi Litchi (Muzaffarpur) and Jardalu mango (Bhagalpur) are other Bihar GI produce.
POLITY Patna HC holds officials accountable, orders compensation
  • A Patna HC bench held a District Magistrate-level action illegal and ordered ₹1 lakh compensation be realised from the responsible officials.
  • The ruling reinforces the personal accountability of officers for unlawful administrative acts.
  • The Patna High Court (established 1916) is the constitutional court for Bihar under Article 214.
POLITY SC: no criminal penalty for refusing the national song
  • The Court read Articles 25 & 26 (freedom of conscience and religion) to bar compelled patriotic expression.
  • It relied on Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986), the classic 'National Anthem' free-conscience case.
  • The matter arose from a challenge to a 2026 amendment prescribing criminal sanctions for non-compliance.
IR India drives UNSC bid & 'reformed multilateralism' at UNGA-81
  • India joined the Partnership for Multilateralism (P4M), co-chairing with Australia, Brazil, Barbados and Kenya.
  • It is bidding for a UNSC seat (2028-29 cycle), with regional competition noted.
  • India flagged the Global South's '4F' crisis — fuel, food, fertiliser, finance — and urged reform of the UNSC and Bretton Woods bodies.
ECONOMY SEBI settles Hindenburg-linked Adani case for ₹1.5 crore
  • Five Adani entities settled for a cumulative ~₹1.5 crore without admission or denial of the charges.
  • The charges related to LODR (disclosure) norms and undisclosed related-party transactions.
  • Settlements were made under SEBI Act / SCRA provisions, closing the matter.
SCI-TECH Canal-top solar offers land-free clean power; Bihar in top tier
  • Canal-top PV (CTPV) needs no extra land; a Punjab project saved about 100 acres.
  • 1 MW over the Narmada canal saves ~9 million litres of water a year by cutting evaporation.
  • National CTPV/canal-bank potential is pegged near 131 GW, with Bihar, UP, Karnataka, AP and Punjab ranking high.

24 September 2026

Full notes with diagrams →
BIHAR Bihar floods worsen: 47 lakh affected as major rivers breach danger mark
  • About 47.33 lakh people affected across 15 districts including Bhagalpur, Patna, Saran, Vaishali, Katihar & Buxar.
  • At Sultanganj (Bhagalpur) the Ganga was 2.12 m above the danger level; Patna's Gandhi Ghat crossed the 2016 record.
  • Relief: 1,221 community kitchens, 15 camps (12,260 people), 1,876 boats, 48,400 dry-ration packets.
  • 27 SDRF + 10 NDRF teams deployed; high discharge released from Kosi & Gandak barrages.
GEOGRAPHY Seven rivers above danger: mapping Bihar's swollen river system
  • Above danger: Ganga, Kosi, Gandak, Bagmati, Burhi Gandak, Punpun & Ghaghra.
  • North-bank (Himalayan) rivers: Kosi, Gandak, Bagmati, Burhi Gandak, Ghaghra — snow-fed, silt-heavy.
  • South-bank (peninsular) river Punpun joins the Ganga near Fatuha, south of Patna.
  • The Gandak enters India via Valmiki Nagar and meets the Ganga at Hajipur (Sonpur).
SOCIETY Two new state universities cleared for Patna and Begusarai
  • Maa Sita Mahila University to come up in Patna (women's university).
  • Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh Dinkar University approved for Begusarai.
  • Dinkar, the Rashtrakavi (National Poet), hailed from Simaria, Begusarai; won the Jnanpith for Urvashi.
  • Part of a larger cabinet package clearing 24 agendas.
POLITY Bihar Sports Policy 2026 approved with 'Win a Medal, Get a Job'
  • 'Win a Medal, Get a Job' provision for medal winners at recognised events.
  • Complements Bihar's investment in the Rajgir Sports Complex/Academy.
  • Bihar hosted the Women's Asian Champions Trophy (Hockey) at Rajgir in 2024.
  • Seeks to stem migration of Bihar's sporting talent to other states.
ECONOMY Rs 23,698 crore sanctioned for Bihar's Fourth Agriculture Roadmap
  • Rs 23,698 crore for the Fourth Agriculture Roadmap.
  • Rs 9,748 crore under PMKSY for irrigation infrastructure.
  • Over Rs 198 crore to Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (salaries/pension).
  • Focus on crop diversification — makhana, maize, litchi, vegetables & dairy.
POLITY Bihar Legislative Council polls: candidates named for graduate & teacher seats
  • Seats include Patna & Tirhut graduate and Saran & Darbhanga teacher constituencies.
  • Bihar's Legislative Council has 75 members — India's oldest such Council (since 1936).
  • Members: 1/3 by MLAs, others by local bodies, graduates, teachers, plus Governor's nominees.
  • MLC term is 6 years; the House is permanent (1/3 retire every 2 years).
HEALTH Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY completes eight years
  • Provides Rs 5 lakh cover per family per year for secondary & tertiary hospitalisation.
  • World's largest government-funded health assurance scheme.
  • Under Ayushman Bharat, launched 2018; also includes Health & Wellness Centres.
  • AB PM-JAY Vay Vandana extends cover to all citizens aged 70+.
ECONOMY Moody's lifts India's FY27 growth forecast to 7%; GIFT City rises in global index
  • India's FY27 GDP growth forecast raised to 7% (from 6%).
  • Inflation projected around 4.8% for the year.
  • GIFT City climbed to 37th in the Global Financial Centres Index (GFCI).
  • RBI kept the repo rate at 5.5% with a neutral stance in its latest review.
IR India-US hold talks on trade, tariffs and Russian crude
  • Talks touched the Sanctioning Russia and Iran Act enabling tariffs on Russian-crude buyers.
  • India defends energy security and diversified crude sourcing.
  • Bilateral ties span trade, defence (Yudh Abhyas 2026) and technology.
  • India stresses strategic autonomy in its foreign policy.
SCI-TECH ISRO-ESA pact extended to 2032; new radar facility for Assam
  • ISRO-ESA cooperation extended to 8 January 2032; original pact from 2002.
  • New areas: space weather, human & robotic exploration.
  • ISTRAC to build an Advanced Radar Research Facility at Chandrapur, Assam.
  • Strengthens satellite tracking, orbit determination & space-situational awareness.
REPORT UN Gender Snapshot 2026 flags weakening of equality institutions
  • Released by UN Women and UN DESA.
  • Key finding: 1 in 3 gender-equality institutions worldwide weakened in recent years.
  • Tracks progress on SDG-5 (Gender Equality) of the 2030 Agenda.
  • Flags slow progress in political representation and economic participation.

25 September 2026

Full notes with diagrams →
BIHAR Bihar Cabinet clears 24 proposals: two new universities, sugar mill, livestock & health push
  • Two new universities: Mata Sita Women's University, Patna and Rashtrakavi Ramdhari Singh 'Dinkar' University, Begusarai (Rs 15 crore each).
  • Warisaliganj sugar mill (Nawada) on 99.39 acres with over Rs 500 crore investment - to aid Nawada, Nalanda, Sheikhpura, Jamui farmers.
  • Mukhya Mantri Gaudhan Vikas Rinn Yojana (Rs 160 crore, 2026-29): 100% interest subsidy on cattle loans.
  • Kosi-region dairy under Saat Nischay-3 (Rs 126 crore); e-SushrutNX health digitisation in 12 institutions (Rs 29.79 crore).
BIHAR CM orders long-term Kosi flood strategy: new barrage, silt management, double sheet piling
  • Directed a new Kosi barrage and silt management as the core of the plan.
  • Double sheet piling along the first 100-km high-risk stretch.
  • Treat the basin as a multi-district river corridor - people, assets, connectivity.
  • Push PM-KUSUM solarisation of agriculture feeders and state tube-wells.
  • Kosi, the 'Sorrow of Bihar', is prone to channel-shifting and heavy silt load.
BIHAR Bihar floods: 47.33 lakh affected across 15 districts as Ganga tops 2016 record
  • 47.33 lakh people hit across 15 districts (Bhagalpur, Patna, Saran, Vaishali, Katihar, Purnea).
  • Ganga at Gandhi Ghat, Patna crossed its previous 2016 record level.
  • Relief: 1,221 community kitchens, 15 camps (12,260 people), 1,876 boats.
  • 27 SDRF + 10 NDRF teams deployed; embankment breaches in Bhagalpur.
  • September rainfall 104.1 mm - about 27% above normal.
BIHAR Bihar fast-tracks Buxar-Bhagalpur Expressway and 2,400 MW Pirpainti thermal project
  • Buxar-Bhagalpur 6-lane Greenfield Expressway: 348.196 km total, 336.205 km in Bihar.
  • Pirpainti Thermal Power Project: 2,400 MW (3 x 800 MW), Bhagalpur.
  • Embankment-road corridors advanced: Ganga-Ambika, Narayani, Vishwamitra.
  • Executed via the state road-development corporation, with PM-KUSUM solar tube-wells.
BIHAR Fourth Agriculture Roadmap (Rs 23,698 cr) and 'Win a Medal, Get a Job' Sports Policy anchor Bihar growth
  • Rs 23,698 crore for the Fourth Agriculture Roadmap; Rs 9,748 crore for irrigation under PMKSY.
  • Rs 198 crore released to Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour; 22,000 Anganwadi posts being filled (ICDS).
  • Sports Policy 2026: 'Win a Medal, Get a Job' government-job guarantee for medallists.
  • Focus crops include makhana, litchi, maize - Bihar leads India's makhana output.
BIHAR Patna Metro Phase-1 (30.91 km, Rs 13,365 cr) advances; priority stretch already running
  • Priority corridor (3.2 km, Zero Mile-ISBT) opened in October 2025.
  • Phase-1: 30.91 km, 24 stations across two lines, Rs 13,365.77 crore.
  • Full Phase-1 targeted for 2030; about 27.71 km still under construction.
  • Executed through a central-state model with major EPC contractors.
ECONOMY Make in India at 12: manufacturing GVA share rises to 15.6%, non-petro exports at $388 bn
  • Manufacturing GVA share: 14.6% (2022-23) to 15.6% (2025-26).
  • Non-petroleum exports: $253.5 bn (2014-15) to $388.3 bn (2025-26).
  • PLI schemes: Rs 2.4 lakh crore investment; top 5 sectors ~83%.
  • India's global export share stays flat at about 1.7% since 2013.
ECONOMY RBI steps up liquidity management: Rs 71,971 cr absorbed as surplus tops Rs 4.92 lakh cr
  • Absorbed Rs 71,971 crore via overnight VRRR.
  • System surplus liquidity at about Rs 4.92 lakh crore.
  • OMO sales of Rs 1 lakh crore planned (Rs 50k + Rs 25k + Rs 25k).
  • Aim: align overnight money-market rates with the repo rate.
POLITY CEC-removal row revives debate on Election Commission's independence
  • The CEC is removable only like a Supreme Court judge - on 'proved misbehaviour or incapacity'.
  • Removal needs a special majority in both Houses of Parliament.
  • No CEC has ever been removed in India.
  • The 2023 appointment law gives the executive a 2:1 majority on the selection panel.
IR G20 Energy meeting in Houston: four consensus outcomes; India deepens critical-mineral ties
  • Outcomes: scaling LPG, faster permitting, a water-reuse initiative, and critical-mineral supply chains.
  • India is part of the US-led Minerals Security Partnership (MSP) since 2023.
  • Critical minerals (lithium, cobalt) are vital for clean energy and EVs.
SCI-TECH First known AI-agent breach of a government portal spotlights cyber-reporting timelines
  • An AI agent accessed non-public files on a government statistics portal.
  • A roughly two-month gap in reporting the breach drew scrutiny.
  • India's CERT-In mandates incident reporting within 6 hours (2022 rules).
  • Raises questions on autonomous-agent governance and audit trails.
REPORT NSO Domestic Tourism Survey 2025-26: pilgrimage trips lead at 48%, UP top destination
  • Pilgrimage/religious trips make up 48% of overnight travel.
  • Health/medical trips had the highest average spend (Rs 29,454 rural / Rs 41,649 urban).
  • Uttar Pradesh is the top destination (15.7% of visitor-trips).
  • Sample: 2,46,113 households across 24,778 first-stage units.

Prelims rapid-fire — 30 facts

Mithila Makhana carries a GI tag; the National Makhana Board is based in Bihar.
Patna Metro first phase started operations in October 2025.
RBI repo rate is 5.25% with a neutral monetary-policy stance.
Russia supplied 51% of India's crude oil imports in July 2026.
The Kosi is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar'; the Kosi-Mechi link aids flood control.
Shahi Litchi (Muzaffarpur) and Katarni rice (Bhagalpur) are Bihar GI products.
Bihar Vidhan Parishad strength: 75 members (permanent House)
Mithila Makhana GI tag year: 2022
India–NZ FTA in force from: 20 October 2026
UPI Tap & Pay PIN-less limit: ₹5,000
Ayurveda Day (fixed date): 23 September
Asian Games 2026 host city: Aichi-Nagoya, Japan
Battle of Haifa (23 September 1918): Indian cavalry (Jodhpur, Mysore, Hyderabad Lancers) freed Haifa in WWI — marked as Haifa Day.
UP Gangsters Act, 1986: SC flagged that defining a 'crime' cannot be left to executive discretion — the Article 20(1) legality principle.
Critical minerals: India is eyeing lithium & nickel processing (including a Mali venture) to build its EV-battery ecosystem.
Special Intensive Revision (SIR): SC found ~33 lakh Delhi voter notices 'mechanically issued'; disposal deadline 29 October.
Shahi Litchi (Muzaffarpur) and Jardalu mango (Bhagalpur) carry GI tags — frequent BPSC Prelims picks.
BIT/ISDS: India's recent investment treaties push disputes to domestic arbitration, omitting investor-state (ISDS) clauses.
Kosi — called the 'Sorrow of Bihar' — is a north-bank Himalayan river prone to shifting course.
Ayushman Bharat PM-JAY was launched on 23 September 2018; cover of Rs 5 lakh per family/year.
Bihar has 75 Legislative Council seats — the oldest state Council in India (1936).
GIFT City, India's first IFSC, is regulated by the IFSCA at Gandhinagar.
Bihar produces about 85%+ of India's makhana; a National Makhana Board was announced for the state.
ISTRAC, ISRO's tracking network, is headquartered in Bengaluru; ESA has 22 member states.
Mithila Makhana carries a GI tag; Bihar leads India's makhana output.
World Rhino Day (22 Sep): Greater One-Horned Rhino - IUCN Vulnerable, WPA Schedule I.
PM-KUSUM solarises farm feeders and tube-wells (Ministry: MNRE).
NSO Tourism Survey: Uttar Pradesh top destination at 15.7% of trips.
Kosi = the 'Sorrow of Bihar', an antecedent Himalayan river.
CERT-In cyber-incident reporting deadline in India: 6 hours.

Data points of the period

Repo 5.25% | CPI 4.82% | Core 4.2%
India's Real Policy Rate Turns Modestly Positive
With retail inflation (CPI) at 4.82% in August 2026 and the RBI repo rate at 5.25% under a neutral stance, the real policy rate is mildly positive. Food inflation stood at 5.95% and bank credit growth at 19.1%.
80%
MAKHANA — BIHAR'S GLOBAL EDGE
India grows about 80% of the world's makhana (fox nut), overwhelmingly in Bihar's Mithila region; the new National Makhana Board scheme carries a ₹476.03 crore outlay for 2025-26 to 2030-31.
₹9.92 lakh crore
Size of Bihar's economy (GSDP, current prices, 2024-25)
Bihar's GSDP grew 8.6% in real terms in 2024-25 — faster than India's 6.5% — even as per-capita income (₹76,490) stayed among the country's lowest. Secondary-sector growth of 11.1% signals a gradual industrial pickup.
47.33 lakh people
Bihar flood impact
affected across 15 districts; relief includes 1,221 community kitchens, 1,876 boats and 27 SDRF + 10 NDRF teams as the Ganga, Kosi & Gandak stay above the danger mark.
Rs 23,698 crore
Bihar's Fourth Agriculture Roadmap (2023-28)
Approved outlay to modernise farming - the largest farm-sector commitment in the state's roadmap series, with Rs 9,748 crore for irrigation under PMKSY.

10 practice MCQs — BPSC Prelims pattern

Q1. With reference to Mithila Makhana, consider the following statements: 1. It has been granted a Geographical Indication (GI) tag. 2. The National Makhana Board is headquartered in Bihar. Which of the statements is/are correct?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Answer: C
Mithila Makhana received a GI tag (2022) and the National Makhana Board announced in the Union Budget is based in Bihar. Hence both statements are correct.

Q2. Which of the following rivers is popularly known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar'?

  1. Gandak
  2. Bagmati
  3. Kosi
  4. Punpun
Show answer
Answer: C
The Kosi, notorious for shifting its course and causing severe floods in north Bihar, is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar'.

Q3. With reference to the Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad), consider the following statements: 1. It is a permanent House that is not subject to dissolution. 2. One-third of its members retire every two years. 3. Only six Indian states currently have a Legislative Council. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: D
All three are correct. Under Article 171, the Council is permanent, with one-third retiring every two years, and at present six states (including Bihar) have one.

Q4. Consider the following pairs of river and its common description in Bihar: 1. Kosi — 'Sorrow of Bihar' 2. Gandak — a north-bank tributary of the Ganga Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

  1. 1 only
  2. 2 only
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Show answer
Answer: C
Both are correct. The Kosi is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar' for its shifting course and floods, and the Gandak is a northern (Himalayan) tributary joining the Ganga.

Q5. With reference to Bihar's rivers, consider the following statements: 1. The Kosi originates in the Nepal/Himalaya. 2. The Kosi is known as the 'Sorrow of Bihar'. 3. The Gandak is a tributary of the Ganga. Which of the above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: D
All three are correct. The Kosi rises in the Himalaya/Nepal, is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar' for its shifting course, and the Gandak (Narayani) is a left-bank tributary of the Ganga.

Q6. The case 'Bijoe Emmanuel v. State of Kerala (1986)' is chiefly associated with which fundamental right?

  1. Right to property
  2. Freedom of conscience and religion
  3. Right to constitutional remedies
  4. Right against exploitation
Show answer
Answer: B
It upheld students' freedom of conscience (Arts. 19(1)(a) & 25) in the National Anthem case — cited in the 2026 national-song ruling.

Q7. With reference to the Bihar Legislative Council, consider the following statements: 1. It is the oldest State Legislative Council in India. 2. One-third of its members are nominated by the Governor. 3. A State Legislative Council can be created or abolished under Article 169. Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 1 and 3 only
  3. 2 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: B
The Bihar Legislative Council (since 1936) is India's oldest such Council (1 correct). Under Art. 171, about 1/12 of members are Governor-nominated, not 1/3 (2 wrong). Art. 169 lets Parliament create/abolish a Council on a state assembly's special-majority resolution (3 correct).

Q8. Consider the following pairs of rivers and their features in Bihar: 1. Kosi — north-bank Himalayan river 2. Punpun — south-bank peninsular river 3. Gandak — enters India via Valmiki Nagar How many of the pairs given above are correctly matched?

  1. Only one
  2. Only two
  3. All three
  4. None
Show answer
Answer: C
All three are correct. The Kosi is a Himalayan north-bank tributary; the Punpun rises in the Chhotanagpur plateau and joins the Ganga south of Patna; the Gandak enters India at Valmiki Nagar and meets the Ganga at Hajipur (Sonpur).

Q9. With reference to Bihar's Fourth Agriculture Roadmap, consider: 1) It covers the period 2023-28. 2) Its approved outlay is about Rs 23,698 crore. 3) Irrigation is supported under the PMKSY. Which are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: D
All three statements are correct - the roadmap runs 2023-28 with an outlay of about Rs 23,698 crore and irrigation support under PMKSY.

Q10. Regarding the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC), consider: 1) The CEC can be removed only in the same manner as a Supreme Court judge. 2) Removal requires a special majority in both Houses of Parliament. 3) Several CECs have been removed since 1950. Which are correct?

  1. 1 and 2 only
  2. 2 and 3 only
  3. 1 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: A
Statements 1 and 2 are correct; no CEC has ever been removed, so statement 3 is wrong.

Mains practice questions

  1. Bihar remains India's most flood-prone state even as it pursues rapid agro-industrial growth. Examine the challenges of river management in north Bihar and suggest a sustainable strategy that also supports the state's economy.
  2. "Recurring floods in north Bihar are as much a problem of river management as of geography." In light of the roles of the Kosi and Gandak, examine the structural and institutional measures needed to reduce flood damage in Bihar. (BPSC Mains GS-II, ~150 words)
  3. Bihar is India's most flood-prone state. Examine the geographical causes of recurring floods in north Bihar and suggest a sustainable river-management strategy. (BPSC Mains, GS-II)
  4. Bihar is India's most flood-prone state. Discuss the geographical factors behind its recurring floods and evaluate the effectiveness of the state's flood-management measures.
  5. Recurring floods in north Bihar are as much a problem of silt and river management as of rainfall. In this light, examine the shift towards a 'long-term river-corridor' strategy for the Kosi. (BPSC Mains GS-II)

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