Weekly at a glance
- Mon 7 Sep — Ganga breaches all-time flood record at Patna as 10.26 lakh are hit; Bihar Economic Survey shows 8.6% growth; India readies to host the BRICS Summit
- Tue 8 Sep — Bihar-Jharkhand end 25-year Sone river dispute; RBI drains Rs 6 lakh crore surplus liquidity; India to host the 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi
- Wed 9 Sep — Seven rivers breach danger mark as Bihar floods hit 35.89 lakh; Cabinet clears ₹23,698-cr Fourth Agriculture Roadmap; DAC approves ₹1.10 lakh-crore defence buys.
- Thu 10 Sep — Ganga breaks all-time flood record at Patna as 10.26 lakh hit; India's Q1 FY27 GDP surges 7.8%; Union Cabinet clears Rs 10,021 cr railway plan
- Fri 11 Sep — Bihar clears 336-km Buxar–Bhagalpur expressway & extends Student Credit Card to 2030-31; India's GDP grows 7.8% in Q1 FY27; Home Ministry proposes Article 371(K) for Ladakh.
- Sat 12 Sep — Ganga floods ravage Bihar as the 18th BRICS Summit opens in New Delhi; Bihar's economy tops ₹9.92 lakh crore.
All topics — key facts for revision
7 September 2026
Full notes with diagrams →ENVIRONMENT Ganga breaches record flood mark; 10.26 lakh hit across 11 districts
- 11 districts flooded: Patna, Bhojpur, Saran, Vaishali, Bhagalpur, Begusarai, Buxar, Samastipur, Munger, Katihar, Araria.
- ~10.26 lakh people across 201 gram panchayats in 50 blocks affected.
- Rivers above danger mark: Ganga, Gandak, Kosi, Burhi Gandak, Punpun, Ghaghara.
- Relief: 858 boats, 27 SDRF + 7 NDRF teams, 38 community kitchens, 12,300 polythene sheets.
- CM Samrat Choudhary ordered senior officers to camp in affected areas.
BIHAR Bihar's GI-tagged makhana goes global via National Makhana Board
- Bihar grows ~85-90% of India's makhana; Mithila Makhana holds a GI tag (2022).
- Core belt: Darbhanga, Madhubani, Purnia, Katihar, Saharsa, Supaul.
- Board to organise farmers into FPOs and fund processing units & branding.
- Marketed as a high-protein superfood for domestic and export markets.
BIHAR Patna Metro priority corridor running; Bihar speeds up metro & road build-out
- Line-2 priority stretch stations: Bhoothnath, Zero Mile, Patliputra Bus Terminal (ISBT).
- Network: Line-1 (14 stations), Line-2 (12 stations); built by Patna Metro Rail Corporation.
- State also advancing six-lane highways & new expressways in 2026.
SOCIETY ₹10,000 seed aid transferred to ~21 lakh women under Mahila Rozgar Yojana
- Aim: link ~1 crore women to livelihoods; grant scalable up to ₹2 lakh.
- Builds on Bihar's JEEViKA self-help-group network.
- Delivered via Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
ECONOMY Bihar Economic Survey 2025-26: 8.6% real growth outpaces India
- Per-capita GSDP: ₹76,490 (current) - still among India's lowest.
- Sector shares: Services 54.8%, Industry 26.8%, Agriculture 18.3%.
- Fastest growth in the secondary sector (11.1% real).
- AT&C power losses down to 15.54% (from 42.99%); discom profit ₹1,959 cr.
IR India to host 18th BRICS Summit in New Delhi (11-13 Sept 2026)
- BRICS+ accounts for ~half the world's population and ~30% of global GDP (PPP).
- Expanded bloc now includes Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and the UAE.
- Agenda: reformed multilateralism, the Global South, and trade in local currencies.
- New Development Bank (NDB) is headquartered in Shanghai.
SCI-TECH ISRO's EOS-05: first Indian earth-imaging satellite in geostationary orbit
- A continuous 'gaze' enables flood, cyclone, fire and crop monitoring.
- Aids stubble-burning detection and disaster early-warning.
- India now has 450+ space start-ups; space economy targeted at $44 billion by 2033.
POLITY SIR of electoral rolls: large deletions flagged in Manipur & Sikkim
- Manipur: 1.32 lakh names removed from draft rolls.
- Sikkim: 52,614 names deleted.
- Goal is to weed out duplicate/dead/shifted voters - raising an inclusion-vs-purity debate.
IR India-China Corps Commander talks agree two new border meeting points
- Follows the 36th WMCC and 25th Special Representatives talks in Beijing.
- Aims to stabilise the Line of Actual Control (LAC) after the 2020 stand-off.
- Comes just before the BRICS Summit, where both leaders will meet.
IR US-Iran war disrupts Strait of Hormuz; oil-supply risk for India
- Hormuz carries ~20-30% of the world's seaborne oil - a critical choke point.
- India imports over 85% of its crude, leaving it exposed to price shocks.
- Costlier oil pressures inflation, the rupee and the current account.
ECONOMY Monthly PLFS data reignites the debate on measuring unemployment
- PLFS uses Usual Status and Current Weekly Status concepts.
- Headline metrics: LFPR, WPR and the unemployment rate.
- A 'flat Phillips curve' implies a weak inflation-unemployment trade-off in India.
8 September 2026
Full notes with diagrams →BIHAR Bihar-Jharkhand End 25-Year Sone River Water Dispute
- Water shared: Bihar 5.75 MAF (million acre-feet) and Jharkhand 2 MAF.
- The Sone rises near Amarkantak (Madhya Pradesh) and joins the Ganga near Patna (Maner).
- Indrapuri Barrage at Dehri (on the Sone) is among Asia's longest barrages and anchors the Sone Canal System.
- Inter-state water disputes fall under Article 262 and the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956.
BIHAR Bihar Cabinet Clears AI Mission, EV Policy & Mega Road Plan
- Approved a Rs 15,967 crore road/infrastructure plan and induction of 400 electric buses for city transport.
- Cleared a Bihar AI Mission and an Electric Vehicle (EV) Policy for green mobility and skilling.
- Earlier packages added biogas plants, solar subsidies and a DA hike for state employees.
- Backs the goal of one crore jobs under the Bihar Industrial Investment Promotion Policy.
BIHAR Makhana Development Scheme Boosts Bihar Fox-Nut Farmers
- Mithila Makhana holds a GI tag (granted 2022); Bihar grows nearly 85-90% of India's makhana.
- The development scheme gives up to Rs 72,750 per hectare subsidy to farmers.
- A Makhana Board (announced in Union Budget 2025-26) supports processing, branding and exports.
- Grown mainly in Darbhanga, Madhubani, Purnia, Katihar, Saharsa (Mithila/Kosi region).
BIHAR Ganga, Punpun Above Danger Mark; Bihar on Flood Alert
- Bihar is India's most flood-prone state; about 73% of its area is flood-affected.
- Chief flood-causing rivers: Kosi ('Sorrow of Bihar'), Gandak, Bagmati, Kamla, Mahananda, Punpun.
- The Kosi carries huge silt from Nepal; flood management involves embankments and the Kosi barrage (Birpur).
- Response uses the SDRF/NDRF framework and Flood Management Improvement schemes.
BIHAR Gaya Gears Up for Pitri Paksha Mela 2026
- The Mela begins 25 September 2026; authorities plan a 2,500-bed tent city, helplines and transport.
- Nearby Bodh Gaya (Mahabodhi Temple) is a UNESCO World Heritage Site on the Buddhist circuit.
- The seasonal Falgu (Phalgu) now has the Gayaji Dam rubber dam for year-round water.
ECONOMY RBI Drains Rs 6 Lakh Crore to Mop Up Surplus Liquidity
- Surplus liquidity had reached Rs 11.6 lakh crore, nearly 4% of banking-system deposits.
- RBI accepted Rs 3.53 lakh crore in overnight and Rs 2.59 lakh crore in 30-day bids.
- The repo rate stands at 5.25% with a neutral stance; SDF 5.00%, MSF 5.50%.
- FY27 GDP growth projection was raised to 6.7%; the inflation forecast was cut.
IR India to Host 18th BRICS Summit at Bharat Mandapam
- India's chairship theme: 'Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation and Sustainability'.
- Founding members: Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa; the grouping later expanded.
- Agenda pillars: Global South, climate action, digital infrastructure, green finance, multilateral reform, local-currency trade.
- The New Development Bank (NDB) is BRICS's flagship bank (HQ Shanghai, est. 2014).
DEFENCE Defence Council Clears Rs 1.10 Lakh Crore Procurement
- Approvals include CBRN reconnaissance vehicles, radars, advanced light helicopters and marine gas turbines.
- Strong thrust on Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) and Make-in-India in defence.
- Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) is the first step in the defence capital-acquisition process.
ECONOMY PM-KISAN Extended up to 2030-31 with Rs 3.15 Lakh Crore
- PM-KISAN gives Rs 6,000/year in three Rs 2,000 instalments via DBT to eligible farmer families.
- Launched in 2019; among the world's largest DBT schemes.
- Bihar has a large beneficiary base given its ~54% agriculture-dependent workforce.
POLITY Cabinet Approves Raising Supreme Court Judge Strength by 4
- SC strength is fixed by the Supreme Court (Number of Judges) Act, 1956, amended periodically.
- Judges are appointed by the President through the Collegium (CJI + 4 senior-most judges).
- Article 124 governs the establishment and composition of the Supreme Court.
IR Rajnath Singh Visits Sri Lanka to Deepen Defence Ties
- Talks covered defence, maritime security and regional cooperation under Neighbourhood First.
- Sri Lanka is central to India's Indian Ocean Region (IOR) security and the SAGAR vision.
- Builds on growing India-Sri Lanka connectivity and energy cooperation.
9 September 2026
Full notes with diagrams →BIHAR Seven Rivers Breach Danger Mark: Bihar Flood Emergency
- 7 rivers above danger mark: Ganga, Gandak, Kosi, Budhi Gandak, Punpun, Bagmati, Ghaghara
- 14 districts, 35.89 lakh people and 491 gram panchayats affected; Samastipur alone 2.33 lakh
- 5 deaths in Patna (Danapur, Maner); ₹4 lakh ex-gratia per family
- Relief: 456 community kitchens (10 lakh+ meals/day), 14 camps, 1,876 boats
- 10 NDRF + 27 SDRF teams deployed; Munger's Ganga ran 70 cm above danger
POLITY Cabinet Extends Student Credit Card Scheme to 2030-31
- Student Credit Card Scheme extended to 2030-31; education loans up to ₹4 lakh
- Routed via Bihar State Education Finance Corporation
- Mukhyamantri Samagra Shahari Vikas Yojana extended to 2030-31
- ₹40 cr for Bihar & Patna Museum upkeep; ₹39.80 cr for Nehru Path widening
ECONOMY Fourth Agriculture Roadmap Cleared — ₹23,698 Crore
- ₹23,698 cr Fourth Agriculture Roadmap approved
- ₹9,748 cr under PMKSY for irrigation infrastructure
- ₹198 cr to Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour
- Bihar Sports Policy 2026 — 'Win a Medal, Get a Job'
- 22,000 Anganwadi worker/helper vacancies cleared
BIHAR Makhana Development Scheme: ₹476 Crore, 9 Districts
- ₹476.03 cr over 2025-26 to 2030-31 (≈ ₹79 cr/year)
- 9 districts: Madhubani, Darbhanga, Sitamarhi, Saharsa, Katihar, Purnea, Supaul, Kishanganj, Araria
- National Makhana Board constituted 14 Sep 2025, headquartered in Bihar
- Bihar ≈ 85% of India's makhana; India ≈ 90% of world output
- Mithila Makhana carries a GI tag (2022)
BIHAR Patna Metro Gets ₹628 Crore Central Capital Aid
- ₹628.32 cr from the Centre's Special Assistance for Capital Investment, FY 2026-27
- Funding split: Centre 20% / State 20% / external loan 60%
- Implemented via Patna Metro Rail Corporation Ltd (PMRCL)
- O&M by DMRC; ₹2,179.37 cr estimated for ~2 years 8 months
DEFENCE DAC Clears ₹1.10 Lakh Crore Defence Acquisitions
- ₹1.10 lakh crore capital acquisitions cleared
- Chaired by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh
- Covers CBRN vehicles, helicopters, radars, marine gas-turbine engines
- Strengthens combat power of Army, Navy and Air Force
- Reinforces Atmanirbharta (self-reliance) in defence
SCI-TECH India Joins Global 'Call to Action for 6G'
- India plus USA and 24 nations back the 'Call to Action for 6G Leadership and Security'
- India's Bharat 6G Mission targets a global 6G hub by 2030
- Focus on secure, trusted telecom supply chains and standards
SOCIETY India's UNESCO Tentative Tally Reaches 73 Sites
- 4 sites added to the tentative list
- Includes Rangpur-Sivasagar (Assam), Colonial Penal Settlement (Andaman), Painted Haveli Towns (Rajasthan)
- India's tentative tally now 73 sites
- Break-up: 53 Cultural, 17 Natural, 3 Mixed
ECONOMY Coastal LAB Becomes First in RBI's Second Schedule
- Coastal Local Area Bank (Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh) entered the RBI Second Schedule
- Under the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934
- First LAB ever to become a scheduled bank
- Gains access to RBI liquidity and refinance facilities
ECONOMY IFC Commits USD 1 Billion for Indian MSMEs
- USD 1 billion mobilised by the International Finance Corporation (IFC)
- USD 500 mn to SIDBI plus USD 500 mn via syndication
- Up to 7-year loans to MSMEs
- Targets manufacturing, auto-components, electronics, textiles, food processing
SOCIETY Satwik-Chirag Win Maiden China Masters Title
- Satwiksairaj Rankireddy & Chirag Shetty won the 19th China Masters (Shenzhen) men's doubles
- First Indians to win the men's doubles title there
- Final score: 11-21, 21-13, 21-17
- Their 10th BWF World Tour title
10 September 2026
Full notes with diagrams →BIHAR Ganga breaches all-time record at Patna; 10.26 lakh hit across 11 districts
- Ganga at Gandhi Ghat, Patna: 50.53 m — 1 cm above the previous HFL of 50.52 m (Aug 2016).
- 10.26 lakh people affected across 11 districts (Patna, Bhojpur, Saran, Vaishali, Bhagalpur, Begusarai, Buxar, Samastipur, Munger, Katihar, Araria).
- 858 boats, 27 SDRF teams and 7 NDRF teams deployed; 38 community kitchens running.
- Rivers above danger mark: Gandak, Kosi (at Baltara), Burhi Gandak, Punpun, Ghaghara.
- 12,300 polythene sheets and 2,250 dry-ration packets distributed; embankment patrolling ordered.
BIHAR Bihar Cabinet backs AI-monitored roads, 400 e-buses and a State AI Mission
- Rs 15,967.03 crore sanctioned to maintain 19,305 km of roads over 7 years using AI/ML-based monitoring.
- 400 electric AC buses approved for 12-year operation from FY 2026-27: 150 for Patna, 50 each for Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur, Gaya, Darbhanga and Purnia.
- State AI Mission approved with training and collaboration with IITs and C-DAC.
- $500 million World Bank loan cleared under the Urban Transformation Programme.
- River-erosion protection funds for Shahpur, Sonpur and Vaishali.
SOCIETY Bihar widens free JEE-NEET coaching to 700 model schools; honours 168 toppers
- Free JEE and NEET coaching extended to 700 Saraswati Vidya Niketan / model schools.
- 168 top performers of the 2026 Intermediate and Matriculation exams honoured.
- Rewards include cash awards, laptops and scholarships.
- Aims to cut dependence on costly private coaching and stem out-migration of students.
BIHAR Bihar seeks Rs 2,130 crore for Gaya-Bodhgaya and Nalanda-Rajgir heritage circuit
- Rs 2,130 crore plan: Rs 1,080 cr for Gaya-Bodhgaya and Rs 1,050 cr for Nalanda-Rajgir.
- Rs 12.16 crore for Simriya Ghat (Begusarai) under the PRASHAD scheme.
- Bodhgaya to get a Heritage Haat and an international food court.
- Targets 'national and international tourism destinations' and tourism-led local economy.
ECONOMY GI-tagged Mithila Makhana reaches Australia by sea for the first time
- Mithila Makhana (fox nut) received its GI tag in 2022.
- First-ever sea shipment to Australia, cutting freight cost versus air export.
- A dedicated National Makhana Board anchors production, processing and branding.
- Bihar accounts for the bulk of India's makhana output, concentrated in the Mithila region.
ECONOMY Union Cabinet clears 5 railway multi-tracking projects worth Rs 10,021 crore
- Five multi-tracking projects approved worth about Rs 10,021 crore.
- Spread across five states to decongest key rail corridors.
- Aim: higher capacity, faster freight and better logistics efficiency.
- Aligned with PM Gati Shakti and the National Logistics Policy goals.
DEFENCE India-Japan air exercise Veer Guardian-2026 begins at Jodhpur
- Veer Guardian-2026 held at Jodhpur, Rajasthan from 9-22 September 2026.
- Second edition, following the first in Japan (2023).
- IAF assets: LCA Tejas, Su-30 MKI and Rafale.
- JASDF participation: 3 F-2A aircraft and 110 personnel.
SCI-TECH GalaxEye becomes first Indian startup to win a US patent for OptoSAR imaging
- GalaxEye (Bengaluru, founded 2021) won a US patent for OptoSAR.
- OptoSAR fuses optical + Synthetic Aperture Radar imaging in one system.
- Works in all-weather, day-night conditions, unlike optical-only sensors.
- Uses span national security, agriculture, infrastructure, maritime and disaster management.
IR India objects to UN map's depiction of Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin
- India protested the UN map's depiction of Arunachal Pradesh and Aksai Chin.
- New Delhi reiterated Arunachal Pradesh is an integral part of India.
- Aksai Chin remains under Chinese control but is claimed by India.
- The boundary in the east follows the McMahon Line; the de-facto line is the LAC.
ECONOMY Crude oil tops $100 a barrel on West Asia tensions, pressuring India
- Crude oil crossed $100 per barrel on Middle East / West Asia tensions.
- India imports over 85% of its crude, so higher prices widen the import bill.
- Costlier oil can push retail inflation and pressure the rupee and CAD.
- Comes as India's July 2026 CPI hit 4.45%, a 19-month high, with food inflation at 5.52%.
11 September 2026
Full notes with diagrams →BIHAR Bihar Cabinet extends Student Credit Card & urban schemes to 2030-31
- Student Credit Card Scheme extended to 2030-31; loans up to ₹4 lakh via the State Education Finance Corporation.
- Mukhyamantri Samagra Shahari Vikas Yojana (urban) also extended to 2030-31.
- New Bihar State Goat Rearing Cooperative Federation set up with ₹14.795 crore.
- ₹40 crore for Bihar & Patna Museum upkeep; ₹39.80 crore for Nehru Path widening.
BIHAR 336-km Buxar–Bhagalpur expressway & 11,000-borewell irrigation push cleared
- Buxar–Bhagalpur Expressway: 336 km, access-controlled, on PPP (DBFOT) via the BSRDCL.
- Alignment crosses Arwal, Jehanabad, Nalanda, Jamui and other districts.
- Mukhyamantri Niji Nalkoop Yojana: 11,000 private borewells at ₹305.6 crore (FY 2026-27).
- Targets irrigation of ~2.3 lakh hectares, over 35,000 earlier-surveyed borewells.
POLITY Samrat Choudhary govt drives law-and-order & judicial reforms
- CM holds Home & General Administration; focus on crime crackdowns and anti-liquor drives.
- 100 fast-track courts planned for speedy disposal of pending cases.
- Women's safety via Pink Policing & Police Didi; urban satellite townships proposed.
- Education reforms include private school fee regulation.
ENVIRONMENT Ganga in spate: floods spotlight Bihar's river-management challenge
- By official assessments, ~76% of north Bihar's population lives under recurring flood threat.
- Key rivers: Kosi ('Sorrow of Bihar'), Gandak, Bagmati, Ganga — many Himalayan, Nepal-fed.
- Management mix: embankments, barrages, desilting, flood forecasting, relief.
- Rising Ganga caused waterlogging and road submergence in riverine belts.
POLITY Delhi court frames charges against Lalu, Rabri, Tejashwi in IRCTC case
- Court framed charges against Lalu Prasad Yadav, Rabri Devi & Tejashwi Yadav.
- Seven other accused were discharged in the case.
- Relates to alleged irregularities in IRCTC hotel contracts during 2004-09.
- Probed under the PMLA, 2002 by the Enforcement Directorate (ED).
POLITY Home Ministry proposes Article 371(K) special provisions for Ladakh
- Proposed Article 371(K) would create a directly elected body for the UT of Ladakh.
- Seeks safeguards over land, culture, language, forests and environment.
- Mirrors special provisions like 371A (Nagaland) and 371G (Mizoram).
- Follows demands for statehood / Sixth Schedule protection in Ladakh.
ENVIRONMENT India reports 21.76 million ha restored at UNCCD COP17
- India has restored 21.76 million hectares, toward its 26 million ha by 2030 target.
- Theme: 'Restoring Land, Restoring Hope'; ~40% of world's land is degraded.
- Summit secured $1.3 billion new finance; binding drought treaty deferred to COP18.
- India cited Mission Amrit Sarovar, PMKSY watershed and Rajasthan's Orans.
SCI-TECH ISRO hot-tests indigenous CE20 cryogenic engine at 220 kN
- The CE20 cryogenic engine was hot-tested at the 220 kN thrust level.
- CE20 powers the cryogenic upper stage (C25) of the LVM3.
- Uses the high-efficiency LOX–LH2 (liquid oxygen–hydrogen) propellant.
- The test validates engine performance for operational flights.
DEFENCE India–Japan air exercise 'Veer Guardian-2026' begins at Jodhpur
- Veer Guardian-2026: India–Japan air exercise at AFS Jodhpur (from 9 Sept).
- IAF fields LCA Tejas, Su-30 MKI, Rafale; JASDF deploys F-2A fighters.
- First-time deployment of Japanese fighters at an Indian air base.
- Focus: tactical interoperability and joint aerial operations.
SCI-TECH Deep Ocean Mission advances with ORV 'Sagar Manthan'
- ORV Sagar Manthan: ₹840 crore, 30-year life, built by GRSE, Kolkata.
- Part of Deep Ocean Mission – Vertical 4 (ocean survey & exploration).
- Carries ROV/AUV systems, multibeam bathymetry and seismic gear.
- Supports deep-sea mineral exploration and tsunami/climate forecasting.
12 September 2026
Full notes with diagrams →BIHAR Ganga at record high: 47 lakh hit across Bihar
- 47.33 lakh people affected across 15 districts (Sep 12).
- Ganga at Gandhi Ghat, Patna crossed its 2016 record; at Sultanganj it ran 2.12 m above danger.
- Seven rivers above danger: Ganga, Gandak, Kosi, Burhi Gandak, Punpun, Bagmati, Ghaghra.
- 1,876 boats, 10 NDRF + 27 SDRF teams, 1,221 kitchens; 4 embankment breaches in Bhagalpur.
- September rain 27% above normal (104.1 mm).
BIHAR Bihar plans 126-km Ganga Marine Drive & big investment push
- 126-km Marine Drive along the Ganga & Sone (Dighwara–Sherpur).
- ~₹6 lakh crore investment plan via an expanded township policy.
- 14,000 acres acquired; 6.5 lakh acres planned for townships.
- Parallel bridges to JP Setu & Mahatma Gandhi Setu; focus on pharma, IT & MSMEs.
BIHAR Patna Metro gets ₹628.32 crore central boost
- ₹628.32 crore from central SASCI funds.
- Funds accelerate Corridor-1 & Corridor-2.
- Metro also planned for Muzaffarpur, Gaya, Darbhanga & Bhagalpur.
BIHAR National Makhana Board powers Bihar's superfood economy
- National Makhana Board (HQ Purnia) drives value-addition & exports.
- Mithila Makhana holds a GI tag (2022).
- Makhana Vikas Yojana 2026-27 with a ₹476 crore push.
- Bihar contributes ~90% of India's makhana output.
IR 18th BRICS Summit opens in New Delhi
- Held in New Delhi, 12–13 September 2026; India's 4th chairship.
- Theme: 'Building for Resilience, Innovation, Cooperation & Sustainability'.
- 11 full members + 10 partner countries.
- The STI track adopted the Chennai Declaration (BRICS GRAIN, AI, quantum).
POLITY SC upholds RBI power over co-operative bank boards
- RBI may supersede boards beyond six months (within statutory limits).
- Flows from the Banking Regulation (Amendment) Act, 2020.
- Aims to curb governance failures in co-operative banks.
POLITY DILRMP 3.0 launched for digital land records
- DILRMP 3.0 (2026–2031), central-sector, outlay ~₹565.5 crore.
- Bhu-Aadhaar: a 14-digit ULPIN for every land parcel.
- Registration Seva Kendras, Revenue Court CMS & NAKSHA urban mapping.
- 100% central funding with performance-linked release.
SCI-TECH ISRO tests uprated CE20 cryogenic engine
- CE20 tested at 220 kN thrust.
- Uses liquid oxygen + liquid hydrogen (cryogenic).
- Powers the LVM3 upper stage; key for Gaganyaan.
DEFENCE India–US 'Yudh Abhyas 2026' exercise underway
- 22nd edition; began 9 September 2026.
- Held at Bikaner (Rajasthan) & Auli (Uttarakhand).
- Focus on high-altitude & counter-terror drills under a UN mandate.
Prelims rapid-fire — 36 facts
| Ganga's all-time HFL at Patna's Gandhi Ghat is now 50.53 m (old 50.52 m, 2016). |
| The Kosi is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar' and originates in Nepal/Tibet. |
| Mithila Makhana received its GI tag in 2022; the Makhana Board is based in Bihar. |
| EOS-05 orbits at ~36,000 km in a geostationary orbit. |
| The New Development Bank (BRICS) is headquartered in Shanghai. |
| The Strait of Hormuz links the Persian Gulf with the Gulf of Oman. |
| A global credit-rating agency upgraded India's sovereign rating from BBB+ to A- (2 Sept 2026). |
| ISRO launched earth-observation satellite EOS-05 aboard the GSLV (4 Sept 2026). |
| India logged 7.8% GDP growth in Q1 FY27, the fastest among major economies. |
| 8 September is observed as International Literacy Day (UNESCO). |
| Bihar's makhana farmers get up to Rs 72,750/hectare subsidy under the development scheme. |
| Air Vice Marshal Shakti Sharma became the first non-medical woman two-star officer in India's defence forces. |
| Kosi — 'Sorrow of Bihar', originates in the Nepal Himalayas, notorious for shifting course. |
| Mithila Makhana got its GI tag in 2022; National Makhana Board HQ is in Bihar (2025). |
| The DAC, chaired by the Defence Minister, grants 'Acceptance of Necessity' for procurement. |
| Coastal Local Area Bank = first LAB in the RBI Second Schedule (RBI Act, 1934). |
| India's UNESCO tentative tally = 73 (53 Cultural, 17 Natural, 3 Mixed). |
| Bharat 6G Mission targets India as a global 6G hub by 2030. |
| Ganga HFL at Patna's Gandhi Ghat (previous record): 50.52 m (Aug 2016); now 50.53 m. |
| DRDO SHIELD: S-band High-Power Microwave system using Gallium Nitride (GaN), peak field min 3 kV/m. |
| Army AASHVAST lab (DG EME, Delhi): detects Chinese components in drones via an air-gapped, read-only system. |
| PM-SETU: new ITI-cluster investment Rs 735.70 cr; cumulative Rs 2,171 cr across 9 clusters. |
| GalaxEye (Bengaluru, 2021): first Indian startup with a US patent for OptoSAR. |
| New lichen *Buellia maharajensis* found in Mathikettan Shola NP, Kerala (Western Ghats). |
| Mithila Makhana (fox nut, *Euryale ferox*) of Bihar carries a GI tag (granted 2022). |
| The Buxar–Bhagalpur Expressway (336 km) crosses Arwal, Jehanabad, Nalanda and Jamui. |
| Proposed Article 371(K) for Ladakh mirrors 371A (Nagaland) and 371G (Mizoram). |
| India's Q1 FY27 GDP grew 7.8%, computed on the new 2022-23 base-year series. |
| UNCCD COP17 was hosted by Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia — theme 'Restoring Land, Restoring Hope'. |
| CE20 is ISRO's cryogenic upper-stage engine for LVM3, hot-tested at 220 kN. |
| Mithila Makhana got its GI tag in 2022; the Board's HQ is at Purnia. |
| The Kosi is called the 'Sorrow of Bihar'; it rises in Nepal/Tibet. |
| ULPIN under Bhu-Aadhaar is a 14-digit land-parcel ID. |
| BRICS' New Development Bank (NDB) is headquartered in Shanghai. |
| SASCI gives states 50-year interest-free capital-investment loans. |
| The LVM3 cryogenic upper stage is powered by the CE20 engine. |
Data points of the period
₹9.92 lakh cr
Bihar's economy crosses ₹9.92 lakh crore
GSDP (current prices) in the Economic Survey 2025-26; real growth 8.6% (above the national average); per-capita GSDP ₹76,490.
GSDP (current prices) in the Economic Survey 2025-26; real growth 8.6% (above the national average); per-capita GSDP ₹76,490.
GSDP Rs 9.91 lakh cr | 14.9% growth
Bihar's Economy (Economic Survey 2025-26)
Bihar's GSDP touched Rs 9,91,997 crore (2024-25, current prices), growing 14.9% against India's 12.0%; per-capita income rose to Rs 76,490. Sectoral share of GSVA: services 54.8%, industry 26.8%, agriculture 18.3%.
Bihar's GSDP touched Rs 9,91,997 crore (2024-25, current prices), growing 14.9% against India's 12.0%; per-capita income rose to Rs 76,490. Sectoral share of GSVA: services 54.8%, industry 26.8%, agriculture 18.3%.
≈ 85% of India's makhana — India ≈ 90% of world output
Bihar's Makhana Dominance
Mithila–Kosi belt; GI-tagged Mithila Makhana (2022); National Makhana Board set up in 2025; ₹476-cr scheme across 9 districts.
Mithila–Kosi belt; GI-tagged Mithila Makhana (2022); National Makhana Board set up in 2025; ₹476-cr scheme across 9 districts.
7.8%
India Q1 FY27 GDP growth
India's real GDP grew 7.8% in Q1 FY27 (Apr-Jun 2026), up from 6.9% a year earlier and above the RBI's 7% projection — the fastest among major economies.
India's real GDP grew 7.8% in Q1 FY27 (Apr-Jun 2026), up from 6.9% a year earlier and above the RBI's 7% projection — the fastest among major economies.
7.8%
India Real GDP growth — Q1 FY27 (Apr–Jun 2026)
Up from 6.9% a year earlier and above the RBI's ~7.0% estimate; led by manufacturing and services, on the new 2022-23 base-year series.
Up from 6.9% a year earlier and above the RBI's ~7.0% estimate; led by manufacturing and services, on the new 2022-23 base-year series.
₹9.92 lakh crore
Bihar GSDP (2024-25)
Real growth 8.6% and nominal 13.1% — outpacing the national average; services are 54.8% of GSDP and per-capita income is ₹40,973 (constant prices).
Real growth 8.6% and nominal 13.1% — outpacing the national average; services are 54.8% of GSDP and per-capita income is ₹40,973 (constant prices).
12 practice MCQs — BPSC Prelims pattern
Q1. Consider the following statements about the National Makhana Board: 1. It was announced in the Union Budget 2025-26. 2. It is headquartered in Bihar. 3. Mithila Makhana has received a GI tag. Which of the above are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: D
All three are correct - the Board was announced in Budget 2025-26 with a ₹100 cr corpus, is based in Bihar, and Mithila Makhana was GI-tagged in 2022.
All three are correct - the Board was announced in Budget 2025-26 with a ₹100 cr corpus, is based in Bihar, and Mithila Makhana was GI-tagged in 2022.
Q2. The all-time Highest Flood Level (HFL) of the Ganga breached in September 2026 was recorded at which ghat in Patna?
- Digha Ghat
- Gandhi Ghat
- Gai Ghat
- Collectorate Ghat
Show answer
Answer: B
The Ganga touched 50.53 m at Gandhi Ghat, above the earlier HFL of 50.52 m set in August 2016.
The Ganga touched 50.53 m at Gandhi Ghat, above the earlier HFL of 50.52 m set in August 2016.
Q3. With reference to the Sone (Son) river, consider the following statements: 1. It is a right-bank tributary of the Ganga. 2. It originates near Amarkantak. 3. The Indrapuri Barrage is built on it. Which of the above are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: D
The Son is a right-bank tributary of the Ganga, rises near Amarkantak (MP), and the Indrapuri Barrage (Dehri) is built on it in Bihar.
The Son is a right-bank tributary of the Ganga, rises near Amarkantak (MP), and the Indrapuri Barrage (Dehri) is built on it in Bihar.
Q4. The 18th BRICS Summit (2026) is being hosted by which country and at which venue?
- Brazil - Rio de Janeiro
- India - New Delhi (Bharat Mandapam)
- Russia - Kazan
- South Africa - Johannesburg
Show answer
Answer: B
India, as the 2026 BRICS Chair, hosts the 18th Summit at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi (12-13 September 2026).
India, as the 2026 BRICS Chair, hosts the 18th Summit at Bharat Mandapam, New Delhi (12-13 September 2026).
Q5. Which of the following rivers, associated with recurrent flooding in Bihar, originates in the Nepal Himalayas?
- Punpun
- Kosi
- Son
- Falgu
Show answer
Answer: B
The Kosi ('Sorrow of Bihar') rises in the Nepal/Tibet Himalayas. The Son and Punpun are south-Bihar rivers; the Falgu flows near Gaya.
The Kosi ('Sorrow of Bihar') rises in the Nepal/Tibet Himalayas. The Son and Punpun are south-Bihar rivers; the Falgu flows near Gaya.
Q6. With reference to makhana in Bihar, consider: (1) The National Makhana Board was set up in 2025. (2) It is headquartered in Bihar. (3) Mithila Makhana has a GI tag. Which are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: D
All three are correct — the Board was constituted in September 2025, is headquartered in Bihar, and Mithila Makhana received a GI tag in 2022.
All three are correct — the Board was constituted in September 2025, is headquartered in Bihar, and Mithila Makhana received a GI tag in 2022.
Q7. With reference to Mithila Makhana, consider the following statements: 1. It received a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in 2022. 2. It is cultivated mainly in the Mithila region of Bihar. 3. A dedicated National Makhana Board has been set up for it. Which of the statements given above are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: D
Mithila Makhana got its GI tag in 2022, is grown mainly in Bihar's Mithila region, and is supported by a National Makhana Board — all three statements are correct.
Mithila Makhana got its GI tag in 2022, is grown mainly in Bihar's Mithila region, and is supported by a National Makhana Board — all three statements are correct.
Q8. The bilateral air exercise 'Veer Guardian-2026' is held between India and which one of the following countries?
- France
- Japan
- Australia
- United States
Show answer
Answer: B
Veer Guardian is the India-Japan bilateral air exercise; the 2026 edition was held at Jodhpur, with the IAF flying Tejas, Su-30 MKI and Rafale, and the JASDF fielding F-2A aircraft.
Veer Guardian is the India-Japan bilateral air exercise; the 2026 edition was held at Jodhpur, with the IAF flying Tejas, Su-30 MKI and Rafale, and the JASDF fielding F-2A aircraft.
Q9. The proposed Article 371(K), recently in the news, seeks special constitutional provisions for which Union Territory?
- Jammu & Kashmir
- Ladakh
- Puducherry
- Lakshadweep
Show answer
Answer: B
The Union Home Ministry proposed Article 371(K) to give Ladakh a directly elected body and safeguards over land, culture and environment, mirroring 371A and 371G.
The Union Home Ministry proposed Article 371(K) to give Ladakh a directly elected body and safeguards over land, culture and environment, mirroring 371A and 371G.
Q10. Mithila Makhana, which holds a Geographical Indication (GI) tag, is a product of which crop?
- Water chestnut (Singhara)
- Fox nut (Euryale ferox)
- Lotus stem
- Barley
Show answer
Answer: B
Makhana is the fox nut (Euryale ferox), cultivated in Bihar's Mithila region; 'Mithila Makhana' received a GI tag in 2022.
Makhana is the fox nut (Euryale ferox), cultivated in Bihar's Mithila region; 'Mithila Makhana' received a GI tag in 2022.
Q11. With reference to the recent Bihar floods, consider the statements: (1) The Ganga at Patna crossed its previous record level. (2) The Kosi rises in the Nepal/Tibet Himalaya. (3) The NDRF alone carries out all rescue in the state. Which are correct?
- 1 and 2 only
- 2 and 3 only
- 1 and 3 only
- 1, 2 and 3
Show answer
Answer: A
Both SDRF and NDRF operate in Bihar, so (3) is wrong. The Ganga crossed its 2016 record and the Kosi rises in the Nepal/Tibet Himalaya — (1) and (2) are correct.
Both SDRF and NDRF operate in Bihar, so (3) is wrong. The Ganga crossed its 2016 record and the Kosi rises in the Nepal/Tibet Himalaya — (1) and (2) are correct.
Q12. 'Bhu-Aadhaar', recently in the news, refers to:
- A crop-insurance ID
- A 14-digit Unique Land Parcel Number (ULPIN)
- A rural job card
- A soil-health card
Show answer
Answer: B
Under DILRMP 3.0, Bhu-Aadhaar assigns a 14-digit ULPIN to each land parcel for geo-referenced records.
Under DILRMP 3.0, Bhu-Aadhaar assigns a 14-digit ULPIN to each land parcel for geo-referenced records.
Mains practice questions
- Recurrent floods in north Bihar are as much a problem of river management as of rainfall. Examine the causes and suggest a sustainable flood-management strategy for the state. (BPSC Mains, GS-II)
- Inter-state river water disputes remain a recurring challenge to cooperative federalism in India. In this context, examine the significance of the recent Bihar-Jharkhand Sone river water-sharing agreement.
- "Bihar's recurrent floods are as much a challenge of inter-state and international water management as of engineering." Discuss with reference to the Kosi–Gandak river system. (BPSC Mains GS-II)
- Recurring high-magnitude floods in north Bihar are as much a problem of governance and river management as of rainfall. Critically examine, with reference to the 2026 Ganga floods.
- Bihar's recurring floods are as much a problem of river and catchment management as of relief. Examine the structural and non-structural measures needed for sustainable flood management in north Bihar. (250 words)
- Recurrent floods in north Bihar are as much a problem of river management as of geography. Discuss with reference to the Kosi and the recent embankment breaches. (BPSC Mains GS-II)
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