Modern Indian History - Static GK MCQs

QUESTION 1 OF 202

The Battle of Plassey (1757), which established British political control in Bengal, was fought against which Nawab?

Explanation: The Battle of Plassey (1757) was fought against Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah, establishing British political control in Bengal.

QUESTION 2 OF 202

Mir Jafar's betrayal during the Battle of Plassey was orchestrated in collusion with which British commander?

Explanation: Mir Jafar's betrayal at Plassey was orchestrated in collusion with British commander Robert Clive.

QUESTION 3 OF 202

The Battle of Buxar (1764) resulted in the British East India Company defeating a combined force of which three rulers?

Explanation: The Battle of Buxar (1764) saw the British East India Company defeat the combined forces of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam II.

QUESTION 4 OF 202

The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) granted the British East India Company the Diwani (revenue rights) of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha from:

Explanation: The Treaty of Allahabad (1765) granted the East India Company the Diwani (revenue rights) of Bengal, Bihar and Odisha from Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II.

QUESTION 5 OF 202

The Government of India Act of 1858, passed after the 1857 Revolt, transferred control of India from the East India Company to:

Explanation: The Government of India Act of 1858 transferred control of India from the East India Company to the British Crown.

QUESTION 6 OF 202

The Charter Act of 1813 notably ended which East India Company monopoly?

Explanation: The Charter Act of 1813 ended the East India Company's monopoly over trade with India, except for tea and China trade.

QUESTION 7 OF 202

The Charter Act of 1833 ended the East India Company's remaining commercial functions, making it purely a:

Explanation: The Charter Act of 1833 ended the East India Company's commercial functions, making it purely an administrative body.

QUESTION 8 OF 202

The merger of French colonial territories like Pondicherry into India was completed through a treaty finalized in:

Explanation: French colonial territories like Pondicherry were merged into India via de facto transfer in 1954, with the formal treaty ratified in 1962.

QUESTION 9 OF 202

The annexation of Goa from Portuguese control was carried out through which military operation in 1961?

Explanation: The annexation of Goa from Portuguese control was carried out through Operation Vijay in 1961.

QUESTION 10 OF 202

The Portuguese colonial enclave of Daman and Diu was annexed into India along with Goa in 1961 through which operation?

Explanation: The Portuguese enclave of Daman and Diu was annexed into India along with Goa in 1961 through Operation Vijay.

QUESTION 11 OF 202

The First Anglo-Mysore War and subsequent conflicts were primarily fought against which ruler?

Explanation: The Anglo-Mysore Wars were primarily fought against Hyder Ali and later his son Tipu Sultan.

QUESTION 12 OF 202

Tipu Sultan, the "Tiger of Mysore," was killed defending his capital at:

Explanation: Tipu Sultan, the 'Tiger of Mysore', was killed defending his capital at Srirangapatna (Seringapatam) in 1799.

QUESTION 13 OF 202

The Anglo-Maratha Wars (three in total) ultimately ended with the British defeating which Peshwa?

Explanation: The Anglo-Maratha Wars ultimately ended with the British defeating Peshwa Baji Rao II.

QUESTION 14 OF 202

Who was the first Governor-General of independent India?

Explanation: Lord Mountbatten served as the first Governor-General of independent India in 1947.

QUESTION 15 OF 202

The Regulating Act of 1773 established the position of Governor-General of Bengal, first held by:

Explanation: The Regulating Act of 1773 established the post of Governor-General of Bengal, first held by Warren Hastings.

QUESTION 16 OF 202

Lord Cornwallis, as Governor-General, is particularly known for introducing which land revenue settlement?

Explanation: Lord Cornwallis introduced the Permanent Settlement land revenue system in Bengal.

QUESTION 17 OF 202

The Ryotwari system of land revenue, involving direct settlement with cultivators, was primarily implemented in which regions?

Explanation: The Ryotwari system, involving direct revenue settlement with cultivators, was primarily implemented in the Madras and Bombay Presidencies.

QUESTION 18 OF 202

The Mahalwari system of land revenue settlement was primarily implemented in which region?

Explanation: The Mahalwari system of land revenue settlement was primarily implemented in the North-Western Provinces and Punjab.

QUESTION 19 OF 202

The Doctrine of Lapse, a controversial annexation policy, was formulated by which Governor-General?

Explanation: Lord Dalhousie formulated the controversial Doctrine of Lapse annexation policy.

QUESTION 20 OF 202

The Subsidiary Alliance system, requiring Indian rulers to accept British troops and control, was introduced by:

Explanation: Lord Wellesley introduced the Subsidiary Alliance system, requiring Indian rulers to accept British troops and control.

QUESTION 21 OF 202

The partition of Bengal in 1905, which sparked major protest, was carried out by which Viceroy?

Explanation: The 1905 partition of Bengal, which sparked major protest, was carried out by Viceroy Lord Curzon.

QUESTION 22 OF 202

The Mountbatten Plan of 1947, which led to the actual partition, was announced by which Viceroy?

Explanation: The Mountbatten Plan of 1947, which led to actual partition, was announced by Viceroy Lord Mountbatten.

QUESTION 23 OF 202

The Sati Abolition Act was passed in 1829 during the tenure of which Governor-General?

Explanation: The Sati Abolition Act was passed in 1829 during the tenure of Governor-General Lord William Bentinck.

QUESTION 24 OF 202

The Vernacular Press Act of 1878, restricting Indian-language newspapers, was introduced by which Viceroy?

Explanation: The Vernacular Press Act of 1878, restricting Indian-language newspapers, was introduced by Viceroy Lord Lytton.

QUESTION 25 OF 202

The Ilbert Bill controversy of 1883-84 concerned the right of Indian judges to:

Explanation: The Ilbert Bill controversy of 1883-84 concerned the right of Indian judges to try European offenders.

QUESTION 26 OF 202

The Hunter Commission was established following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre to:

Explanation: The Hunter Commission was established following the Jallianwala Bagh massacre to investigate the incident.

QUESTION 27 OF 202

The English Education Act of 1835, promoting Western education, was significantly influenced by whose famous minute?

Explanation: The English Education Act of 1835, promoting Western education, was significantly influenced by Thomas Babington Macaulay's minute.

QUESTION 28 OF 202

The Wood's Despatch of 1854, an important education policy document, recommended the establishment of:

Explanation: The Wood's Despatch of 1854 recommended establishing universities in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras.

QUESTION 29 OF 202

The Hunter Education Commission of 1882 primarily focused on reviewing the state of:

Explanation: The Hunter Education Commission of 1882 focused on reviewing primary and secondary education.

QUESTION 30 OF 202

The first railway line in India, opened in 1853, ran between:

Explanation: The first railway line in India, opened in 1853, ran between Bombay and Thane.

QUESTION 31 OF 202

The first telegraph line in India was established during the tenure of which Governor-General?

Explanation: The first telegraph line in India was established during the tenure of Governor-General Lord Dalhousie.

QUESTION 32 OF 202

Lord Dalhousie's tenure is particularly associated with introducing which two major infrastructural systems?

Explanation: Lord Dalhousie's tenure is particularly associated with introducing railways and the telegraph.

QUESTION 33 OF 202

The first Governor-General of independent India was:

Explanation: Lord Mountbatten served as the first Governor-General of independent India.

QUESTION 34 OF 202

The Revolt of 1857 is also known as:

Explanation: The 1857 uprising is also known as the Great Rebellion or India's First War of Independence.

QUESTION 35 OF 202

The First War of Indian Independence (1857 Revolt) began primarily at which garrison town?

Explanation: The 1857 Revolt began primarily at the garrison town of Meerut.

QUESTION 36 OF 202

The 1857 Revolt is often attributed to immediate resentment over which controversial issue involving rifle cartridges?

Explanation: The 1857 Revolt is often attributed to resentment over greased cartridges (using animal fat) offensive to religious sentiments.

QUESTION 37 OF 202

Mangal Pandey, whose actions are seen as sparking the 1857 Revolt, was a sepoy in which regiment?

Explanation: Mangal Pandey, whose actions sparked the 1857 Revolt, was a sepoy in the 34th Bengal Native Infantry.

QUESTION 38 OF 202

During the 1857 Revolt, Rani Lakshmibai led resistance from which princely state?

Explanation: During the 1857 Revolt, Rani Lakshmibai led resistance from the princely state of Jhansi.

QUESTION 39 OF 202

During the 1857 Revolt, Nana Sahib led the rebellion centered at which city?

Explanation: During the 1857 Revolt, Nana Sahib led the rebellion centered at Kanpur.

QUESTION 40 OF 202

During the 1857 Revolt, Begum Hazrat Mahal led resistance efforts centered at:

Explanation: During the 1857 Revolt, Begum Hazrat Mahal led resistance efforts centered at Lucknow.

QUESTION 41 OF 202

After the 1857 Revolt, the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to:

Explanation: After the 1857 Revolt, the last Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah Zafar was exiled to Rangoon (Burma).

QUESTION 42 OF 202

The Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement, was founded by:

Explanation: The Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement, was founded by Swami Dayananda Saraswati.

QUESTION 43 OF 202

The Brahmo Samaj, an early socio-religious reform movement, was founded by:

Explanation: The Brahmo Samaj, an early socio-religious reform movement, was founded by Raja Ram Mohan Roy.

QUESTION 44 OF 202

Raja Ram Mohan Roy is particularly credited with campaigning for the abolition of which practice?

Explanation: Raja Ram Mohan Roy is particularly credited with campaigning for the abolition of Sati (widow immolation).

QUESTION 45 OF 202

The Ramakrishna Mission, promoting Vedanta philosophy and social service, was founded by:

Explanation: The Ramakrishna Mission, promoting Vedanta philosophy and social service, was founded by Swami Vivekananda.

QUESTION 46 OF 202

Swami Vivekananda gained international recognition through his address at the Parliament of World's Religions held in:

Explanation: Swami Vivekananda gained international recognition through his address at the 1893 Parliament of World's Religions in Chicago.

QUESTION 47 OF 202

The Theosophical Society, which promoted Indian philosophy alongside its own doctrines, had prominent leadership from:

Explanation: The Theosophical Society had prominent leadership from both Madam Blavatsky (co-founder) and later Annie Besant.

QUESTION 48 OF 202

Annie Besant, associated with the Theosophical Society, also played a role in Indian politics through the:

Explanation: Annie Besant, associated with the Theosophical Society, also played a role in Indian politics through the Home Rule Movement.

QUESTION 49 OF 202

The Aligarh Movement, promoting modern education among Muslims, was led by:

Explanation: The Aligarh Movement, promoting modern education among Muslims, was led by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan.

QUESTION 50 OF 202

Lord William Bentinck's reign is particularly noted for administrative reforms and the suppression of which practice besides Sati?

Explanation: Lord William Bentinck's reign is noted for administrative reforms and the suppression of Thuggee, besides abolishing Sati.

QUESTION 51 OF 202

The Servants of India Society, promoting social reform through constitutional means, was founded by:

Explanation: The Servants of India Society, promoting reform through constitutional means, was founded by Gopal Krishna Gokhale.

QUESTION 52 OF 202

Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar is particularly noted for his campaign supporting which social reform?

Explanation: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar is particularly noted for his campaign supporting widow remarriage.

QUESTION 53 OF 202

The Widow Remarriage Act was passed in which year?

Explanation: The Widow Remarriage Act was passed in 1856.

QUESTION 54 OF 202

Jyotirao Phule, a prominent social reformer, is particularly known for his work advocating for:

Explanation: Jyotirao Phule is particularly known for advocating education for women and lower castes.

QUESTION 55 OF 202

The Satyashodhak Samaj, a social reform organization opposing caste discrimination, was founded by:

Explanation: The Satyashodhak Samaj, opposing caste discrimination, was founded by Jyotirao Phule.

QUESTION 56 OF 202

The Self-Respect Movement, opposing caste hierarchy and Brahminical dominance in South India, was led by:

Explanation: The Self-Respect Movement, opposing caste hierarchy in South India, was led by E.V. Ramasamy (Periyar).

QUESTION 57 OF 202

Sree Narayana Guru, a social reformer in Kerala, is particularly associated with the slogan:

Explanation: Sree Narayana Guru, a Kerala social reformer, is associated with the slogan 'One caste, one religion, one God for man'.

QUESTION 58 OF 202

B.R. Ambedkar's famous slogan for social empowerment was:

Explanation: B.R. Ambedkar's famous slogan for social empowerment was 'Educate, Agitate, Organize'.

QUESTION 59 OF 202

The Deoband school (Darul Uloom Deoband), an important Islamic seminary, was founded in which state?

Explanation: The Deoband school (Darul Uloom Deoband), an important Islamic seminary, was founded in Uttar Pradesh.

QUESTION 60 OF 202

The Indian National Congress was founded in which year?

Explanation: The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 to provide a platform for political dialogue with British colonial rulers.

QUESTION 61 OF 202

The Partition of Bengal, which sparked the Swadeshi Movement, was carried out in which year?

Explanation: The Partition of Bengal was carried out by Lord Curzon in 1905, sparking the Swadeshi Movement in protest.

QUESTION 62 OF 202

The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885, largely with the involvement of which retired British civil servant?

Explanation: The Indian National Congress was founded in 1885 with the involvement of retired British civil servant Allan Octavian Hume.

QUESTION 63 OF 202

The first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885 was presided over by:

Explanation: The first session of the Indian National Congress in 1885 was presided over by Womesh Chandra Bonnerjee.

QUESTION 64 OF 202

The Swadeshi Movement, launched in response to the Bengal partition, particularly promoted:

Explanation: The Swadeshi Movement, launched in response to the Bengal partition, promoted boycott of foreign goods and use of Indian-made products.

QUESTION 65 OF 202

The partition of Bengal (1905) was annulled in which year, following sustained protest?

Explanation: The 1905 partition of Bengal was annulled in 1911, following sustained nationalist protest.

QUESTION 66 OF 202

The Purna Swaraj (complete independence) resolution was adopted by the Indian National Congress at its session in:

Explanation: The Purna Swaraj (complete independence) resolution was adopted by the Congress at its 1929 Lahore session.

QUESTION 67 OF 202

The trio of extremist Congress leaders known as "Lal-Bal-Pal" refers to Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, and:

Explanation: The 'Lal-Bal-Pal' trio of extremist Congress leaders refers to Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal.

QUESTION 68 OF 202

Gandhi attended which Round Table Conference as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress?

Explanation: Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference (1931) as the sole representative of the Indian National Congress.

QUESTION 69 OF 202

Dadabhai Naoroji is particularly known for propounding which economic theory regarding British rule?

Explanation: Dadabhai Naoroji propounded the 'Drain of Wealth' theory, arguing British rule drained India's resources to Britain.

QUESTION 70 OF 202

The Individual Satyagraha of 1940-41 was symbolically initiated by which Congress leader as the first satyagrahi?

Explanation: The Individual Satyagraha of 1940-41 was symbolically initiated by Vinoba Bhave as the first satyagrahi.

QUESTION 71 OF 202

The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946 occurred primarily in which city?

Explanation: The Royal Indian Navy Mutiny of 1946 occurred primarily in Bombay.

QUESTION 72 OF 202

The Indigo Revolt (Neel Vidroh) of 1859-60 in Bengal was a protest by farmers against:

Explanation: The Indigo Revolt (1859-60) in Bengal was a protest by farmers against forced indigo cultivation by European planters.

QUESTION 73 OF 202

The Deccan Riots of 1875 involved peasant protests primarily against which group?

Explanation: The Deccan Riots of 1875 involved peasant protests primarily against moneylenders (sahukars).

QUESTION 74 OF 202

Who launched the Quit India Movement in 1942?

Explanation: Mahatma Gandhi launched the Quit India Movement in August 1942, demanding an end to British rule.

QUESTION 75 OF 202

The Dandi March (Salt March) led by Mahatma Gandhi took place in which year?

Explanation: Gandhi led the Dandi March (Salt March) in 1930 to protest the British salt tax and monopoly.

QUESTION 76 OF 202

The Poona Pact of 1932 was signed between Mahatma Gandhi and:

Explanation: The Poona Pact of 1932 was signed between Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar regarding representation for the depressed classes.

QUESTION 77 OF 202

The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) was called off by Gandhi after which incident?

Explanation: Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement after the violent Chauri Chaura incident in 1922.

QUESTION 78 OF 202

The Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Gandhi's first major movement in India, addressed grievances of which group?

Explanation: The Champaran Satyagraha (1917), Gandhi's first major movement in India, addressed the grievances of indigo cultivators in Bihar.

QUESTION 79 OF 202

The Kheda Satyagraha (1918), led by Gandhi, addressed the grievances of farmers facing which issue?

Explanation: The Kheda Satyagraha (1918), led by Gandhi, addressed farmers' grievances over crop failure and demands for tax relief.

QUESTION 80 OF 202

The Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918), where Gandhi undertook a fast, involved a dispute between mill owners and:

Explanation: The 1918 Ahmedabad Mill Strike, where Gandhi undertook a fast, involved a dispute between mill owners and textile mill workers.

QUESTION 81 OF 202

The Non-Cooperation Movement (1920-22) was called off by Gandhi following which violent incident?

Explanation: Gandhi called off the Non-Cooperation Movement following the violent Chauri Chaura incident in 1922.

QUESTION 82 OF 202

The Khilafat Movement, which ran parallel to the Non-Cooperation Movement, was primarily concerned with the status of:

Explanation: The Khilafat Movement, running parallel to the Non-Cooperation Movement, was concerned with the status of the Ottoman Caliphate.

QUESTION 83 OF 202

The Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) of 1930 began from Sabarmati Ashram and concluded at:

Explanation: The Dandi March (Salt Satyagraha) of 1930 began from Sabarmati Ashram and concluded at Dandi.

QUESTION 84 OF 202

The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 led to Gandhi's participation in which subsequent conference?

Explanation: The Gandhi-Irwin Pact of 1931 led to Gandhi's participation in the Second Round Table Conference.

QUESTION 85 OF 202

The Communal Award of 1932, which extended separate electorates to depressed classes, led to Gandhi's fast and the subsequent:

Explanation: The Communal Award of 1932, extending separate electorates to depressed classes, led to Gandhi's fast and the subsequent Poona Pact.

QUESTION 86 OF 202

The Poona Pact (1932) was signed between Gandhi and which leader representing the depressed classes?

Explanation: The Poona Pact (1932) was signed between Gandhi and B.R. Ambedkar, representing the depressed classes.

QUESTION 87 OF 202

The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 following the passage of which resolution?

Explanation: The Quit India Movement was launched in August 1942 following the passage of the 'Do or Die' Quit India Resolution.

QUESTION 88 OF 202

The Moplah Rebellion (1921) in Malabar involved unrest among which community, intertwined with the Khilafat Movement?

Explanation: The Moplah Rebellion (1921) in Malabar involved unrest among Muslim peasants (Moplahs) against landlords and British authority.

QUESTION 89 OF 202

The Civil Disobedience Movement was formally launched with Gandhi's Salt March in which year?

Explanation: The Civil Disobedience Movement was formally launched with Gandhi's Salt March in 1930.

QUESTION 90 OF 202

The Emergency period in India, marked by suspension of civil liberties, was declared by Indira Gandhi in which year?

Explanation: The Emergency period, marked by suspension of civil liberties, was declared by Indira Gandhi in 1975.

QUESTION 91 OF 202

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated in which year, following Operation Blue Star?

Explanation: Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated in 1984, following Operation Blue Star.

QUESTION 92 OF 202

The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted in which year?

Explanation: The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was enacted in 2005.

QUESTION 93 OF 202

Who founded the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj)?

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose founded and led the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to fight for India's independence.

QUESTION 94 OF 202

The Ghadar Party, formed by Indian immigrants advocating armed revolution against British rule, was founded primarily in:

Explanation: The Ghadar Party, advocating armed revolution against British rule, was founded primarily by Indian immigrants in San Francisco, United States.

QUESTION 95 OF 202

Subhas Chandra Bose's INA operated under the larger political umbrella known as the:

Explanation: Subhas Chandra Bose's INA operated under the Azad Hind Government (Provisional Government of Free India).

QUESTION 96 OF 202

The revolutionary Bhagat Singh, along with Rajguru and Sukhdev, was executed in which year?

Explanation: Revolutionaries Bhagat Singh, Rajguru and Sukhdev were executed in 1931.

QUESTION 97 OF 202

Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in which year, deliberately avoiding casualties?

Explanation: Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw a bomb in the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929, deliberately avoiding casualties to make a political statement.

QUESTION 98 OF 202

Chandrashekhar Azad, a revolutionary leader associated with the Hindustan Socialist Republican Association, died in which city?

Explanation: Revolutionary leader Chandrashekhar Azad died at Alfred Park in Allahabad in a shootout with police.

QUESTION 99 OF 202

The Kakori Conspiracy (1925), a notable revolutionary train robbery, involved revolutionaries including Ram Prasad Bismil and:

Explanation: The Kakori Conspiracy (1925) train robbery involved revolutionaries including Ram Prasad Bismil and Ashfaqulla Khan.

QUESTION 100 OF 202

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in which city in 1919?

Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in Amritsar in 1919, when troops under General Dyer fired on an unarmed gathering.

QUESTION 101 OF 202

The Simon Commission, which visited India in 1928, was boycotted mainly because:

Explanation: The Simon Commission (1928) was boycotted mainly because it did not include any Indian members.

QUESTION 102 OF 202

Which act of 1919 introduced the system of "Diarchy" in the provinces?

Explanation: The Government of India Act of 1919 (Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms) introduced the system of 'Diarchy' in the provinces.

QUESTION 103 OF 202

The Rowlatt Act of 1919 is associated with:

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act of 1919 is associated with repressive measures allowing detention without trial, curbing civil liberties.

QUESTION 104 OF 202

The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as the:

Explanation: The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is also known as the Morley-Minto Reforms.

QUESTION 105 OF 202

The Muslim League was founded in 1906 at which city?

Explanation: The All-India Muslim League was founded in 1906 at Dhaka.

QUESTION 106 OF 202

The Komagata Maru incident (1914) involved Indian passengers being denied entry into:

Explanation: The Komagata Maru incident (1914) involved Indian passengers being denied entry into Canada.

QUESTION 107 OF 202

The Rowlatt Act of 1919 is particularly notorious for allowing which measure?

Explanation: The Rowlatt Act of 1919 notoriously allowed detention without trial.

QUESTION 108 OF 202

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 occurred in which city?

Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre of 1919 occurred in Amritsar.

QUESTION 109 OF 202

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was carried out under the orders of which British officer?

Explanation: The Jallianwala Bagh massacre was carried out under the orders of General Reginald Dyer.

QUESTION 110 OF 202

The Simon Commission (1928), which faced widespread protest, was criticized primarily because:

Explanation: The Simon Commission (1928) was criticized primarily because it had no Indian members.

QUESTION 111 OF 202

The Direct Action Day, called by the Muslim League in 1946, led to significant communal violence primarily in:

Explanation: Direct Action Day, called by the Muslim League in 1946, led to significant communal violence primarily in Calcutta.

QUESTION 112 OF 202

The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is more commonly known as the:

Explanation: The Indian Councils Act of 1909 is more commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms.

QUESTION 113 OF 202

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 introduced the system of "dyarchy" at which level of government?

Explanation: The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms of 1919 introduced the system of 'dyarchy' at the provincial level of government.

QUESTION 114 OF 202

The Government of India Act of 1935 provided for:

Explanation: The Government of India Act of 1935 introduced provincial autonomy, giving elected Indian ministries more power in provinces.

QUESTION 115 OF 202

The Pitt's India Act of 1784 established which body in London to oversee Company affairs?

Explanation: Pitt's India Act of 1784 established the Board of Control in London to oversee Company affairs.

QUESTION 116 OF 202

The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 notably introduced which controversial electoral concept?

Explanation: The Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 controversially introduced separate electorates for Muslims.

QUESTION 117 OF 202

The Government of India Act of 1935 proposed a federal structure and provincial:

Explanation: The Government of India Act of 1935 proposed a federal structure along with provincial autonomy.

QUESTION 118 OF 202

The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament in which year?

Explanation: The Indian Independence Act was passed by the British Parliament in 1947, granting India independence.

QUESTION 119 OF 202

The Cripps Mission of 1942 was sent by the British to:

Explanation: The Cripps Mission of 1942 was sent by the British to secure Indian cooperation in WWII in exchange for promises of future dominion status.

QUESTION 120 OF 202

The Cripps Mission of 1942 was sent to India by the British primarily to:

Explanation: The Cripps Mission of 1942 aimed to secure Indian cooperation in World War II with promises of future dominion status.

QUESTION 121 OF 202

The Cabinet Mission of 1946 proposed a plan for India's constitutional future, which was ultimately rejected leading to:

Explanation: The rejection of the Cabinet Mission's 1946 plan led to Direct Action Day and widespread communal violence.

QUESTION 122 OF 202

The Radcliffe Line, which demarcated the India-Pakistan border, was drawn by:

Explanation: The Radcliffe Line, demarcating the India-Pakistan border, was drawn by Sir Cyril Radcliffe.

QUESTION 123 OF 202

The Indian Independence Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1947, formally granted independence effective from:

Explanation: The Indian Independence Act formally granted independence effective from August 15, 1947.

QUESTION 124 OF 202

Who is known as the "Iron Man of India" for unifying princely states after independence?

Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel earned the title 'Iron Man of India' for his decisive role in integrating princely states after independence.

QUESTION 125 OF 202

Who was the first Prime Minister of independent India?

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of independent India.

QUESTION 126 OF 202

India's Constituent Assembly, formed to draft the Constitution, first met in which year?

Explanation: India's Constituent Assembly, formed to draft the Constitution, first met in 1946.

QUESTION 127 OF 202

Dr. Rajendra Prasad served as the first President of India, and also earlier presided over which body?

Explanation: Dr. Rajendra Prasad, before becoming India's first President, presided over the Constituent Assembly.

QUESTION 128 OF 202

Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played the key role in the integration of over 500 princely states, earning him the title:

Explanation: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel earned the title 'Iron Man of India' for integrating over 500 princely states.

QUESTION 129 OF 202

The princely state of Hyderabad was integrated into India through which military operation?

Explanation: The princely state of Hyderabad was integrated into India through Operation Polo in 1948.

QUESTION 130 OF 202

The princely state of Junagadh's accession dispute was resolved through:

Explanation: The princely state of Junagadh's accession dispute was resolved through a plebiscite favoring accession to India.

QUESTION 131 OF 202

India's Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on which date?

Explanation: India's Constitution was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on November 26, 1949.

QUESTION 132 OF 202

The 1946 elections to the Constituent Assembly were held under the framework proposed by the:

Explanation: The 1946 elections to the Constituent Assembly were held under the framework proposed by the Cabinet Mission Plan.

QUESTION 133 OF 202

The first Prime Minister of independent India was:

Explanation: Jawaharlal Nehru served as the first Prime Minister of independent India.

QUESTION 134 OF 202

Who gave the famous slogan "Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it"?

Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak gave the famous slogan 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it'.

QUESTION 135 OF 202

Lala Lajpat Rai died from injuries sustained during protests against which commission?

Explanation: Lala Lajpat Rai died from injuries sustained during protests against the Simon Commission.

QUESTION 136 OF 202

January 26 was first observed as "Independence Day" (Purna Swaraj Day) starting in which year, prior to actual independence?

Explanation: January 26 was first observed as 'Independence Day' (Purna Swaraj Day) starting in 1930, prior to actual independence.

QUESTION 137 OF 202

The Indian National Army (INA), which fought alongside Japanese forces, was led by:

Explanation: The Indian National Army (INA), fighting alongside Japanese forces, was led by Subhas Chandra Bose.

QUESTION 138 OF 202

The Indian Constitution's Drafting Committee was chaired by:

Explanation: The Indian Constitution's Drafting Committee was chaired by B.R. Ambedkar.

QUESTION 139 OF 202

Bal Gangadhar Tilak's famous slogan regarding self-rule was:

Explanation: Bal Gangadhar Tilak's famous slogan was 'Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it'.

QUESTION 140 OF 202

The Alipore Bomb Case involved which prominent nationalist leader who later turned toward spiritual pursuits?

Explanation: The Alipore Bomb Case involved nationalist leader Aurobindo Ghosh, who later turned toward spiritual pursuits.

QUESTION 141 OF 202

Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, associated with Hindu nationalism, was imprisoned for many years at which colonial prison?

Explanation: Vinayak Damodar Savarkar was imprisoned for many years at the Cellular Jail in the Andaman Islands.

QUESTION 142 OF 202

The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, later became which institution?

Explanation: The Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, founded by Sir Syed Ahmed Khan, later became Aligarh Muslim University.

QUESTION 143 OF 202

Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, a prominent Congress leader, served as the first Indian Minister of:

Explanation: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad served as independent India's first Minister of Education.

QUESTION 144 OF 202

The Indian Civil Service examinations were initially held only in which city, disadvantaging Indian candidates?

Explanation: Indian Civil Service examinations were initially held only in London, disadvantaging Indian candidates.

QUESTION 145 OF 202

Satyendranath Tagore is notable as the first Indian to qualify for which prestigious service?

Explanation: Satyendranath Tagore is notable as the first Indian to qualify for the Indian Civil Service (ICS).

QUESTION 146 OF 202

The Age of Consent Act of 1891 raised the age of consent for marriage to how many years?

Explanation: The Age of Consent Act of 1891 raised the age of consent for marriage to 12 years.

QUESTION 147 OF 202

The Sharda Act of 1929 raised the minimum marriage age for girls to:

Explanation: The Sharda Act of 1929 raised the minimum marriage age for girls to 14 years.

QUESTION 148 OF 202

The Pabna agrarian riots of the 1870s in Bengal were a protest against which group?

Explanation: The Pabna agrarian riots of the 1870s in Bengal were a protest against zamindars.

QUESTION 149 OF 202

The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928, a no-tax campaign, was led by which leader who earned the title "Sardar"?

Explanation: The Bardoli Satyagraha of 1928 was led by Vallabhbhai Patel, who earned the title 'Sardar' for his leadership.

QUESTION 150 OF 202

The Vaikom Satyagraha (1924-25) in Kerala campaigned for the right of lower castes to:

Explanation: The Vaikom Satyagraha (1924-25) in Kerala campaigned for the right of lower castes to use temple roads.

QUESTION 151 OF 202

The Temple Entry Proclamation, allowing lower castes into Hindu temples in Travancore, was issued in which year?

Explanation: The Temple Entry Proclamation, allowing lower castes into Hindu temples in Travancore, was issued in 1936.

QUESTION 152 OF 202

The Chauri Chaura incident (1922) involved the burning of a police station in which state?

Explanation: The Chauri Chaura incident (1922) involved the burning of a police station in Uttar Pradesh.

QUESTION 153 OF 202

The First Round Table Conference (1930-31) was notably boycotted by:

Explanation: The First Round Table Conference (1930-31) was notably boycotted by the Indian National Congress.

QUESTION 154 OF 202

The August Offer of 1940, a British proposal during WWII, promised Indians a role in framing the future constitution but was rejected because it:

Explanation: The August Offer of 1940 was rejected because it gave minorities veto power and did not promise immediate independence.

QUESTION 155 OF 202

The Wavell Plan (1945), proposing a reconstitution of the Executive Council, was discussed at which conference?

Explanation: The Wavell Plan (1945), proposing reconstitution of the Executive Council, was discussed at the Simla Conference.

QUESTION 156 OF 202

India's partition in 1947 led to the creation of Pakistan as a state comprising which two wings?

Explanation: India's 1947 partition led to the creation of Pakistan comprising West Pakistan and East Pakistan (later Bangladesh).

QUESTION 157 OF 202

C. Rajagopalachari holds the distinction of being the first and only Indian to serve as:

Explanation: C. Rajagopalachari holds the distinction of being the first and only Indian to serve as Governor-General of independent India.

QUESTION 158 OF 202

India's Constitution came into effect (was enforced) on which date, celebrated as Republic Day?

Explanation: India's Constitution came into effect on January 26, 1950, celebrated annually as Republic Day.

QUESTION 159 OF 202

The Indian National Army's female regiment, named after a historical warrior queen, was called the:

Explanation: The Indian National Army's female regiment, named after the historical warrior queen of Jhansi, was called the Rani of Jhansi Regiment.

QUESTION 160 OF 202

The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganized Indian states primarily on the basis of:

Explanation: The States Reorganisation Act of 1956 reorganized Indian states primarily on linguistic lines.

QUESTION 161 OF 202

The Potti Sriramulu hunger strike and death (1952) led directly to the creation of which linguistic state?

Explanation: The Potti Sriramulu hunger strike and death (1952) led directly to the creation of Andhra State.

QUESTION 162 OF 202

The bifurcation of Bombay State into Maharashtra and Gujarat occurred in which year?

Explanation: The bifurcation of Bombay State into Maharashtra and Gujarat occurred in 1960.

QUESTION 163 OF 202

The Sino-Indian War occurred in which year?

Explanation: The Sino-Indian War occurred in 1962.

QUESTION 164 OF 202

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was primarily triggered by conflict over which region?

Explanation: The Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 was primarily triggered by conflict over Kashmir, following Pakistan's Operation Gibraltar.

QUESTION 165 OF 202

The Tashkent Agreement (1966), ending the 1965 war, was signed under the mediation of:

Explanation: The 1966 Tashkent Agreement, ending the 1965 war, was signed under the mediation of the Soviet Union.

QUESTION 166 OF 202

The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 resulted in the creation of which independent nation?

Explanation: The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 resulted in the creation of the independent nation of Bangladesh.

QUESTION 167 OF 202

The Simla Agreement of 1972, following the 1971 war, was signed between India and Pakistan's leaders:

Explanation: The 1972 Simla Agreement, following the 1971 war, was signed between Indira Gandhi and Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.

QUESTION 168 OF 202

India's first nuclear test, codenamed "Smiling Buddha," was conducted in which year?

Explanation: India's first nuclear test, codenamed 'Smiling Buddha', was conducted in 1974.

QUESTION 169 OF 202

The Emergency (1975-77) was formally lifted following elections in which year?

Explanation: The Emergency (1975-77) was formally lifted following elections in 1977.

QUESTION 170 OF 202

The Janata Party, which defeated the Congress in the 1977 elections, was led to victory under which figure as Prime Minister?

Explanation: The Janata Party, which defeated the Congress in 1977, was led to victory under Morarji Desai as Prime Minister.

QUESTION 171 OF 202

Operation Blue Star (1984), a controversial military action, was conducted at which religious site?

Explanation: Operation Blue Star (1984) was conducted at the Golden Temple in Amritsar.

QUESTION 172 OF 202

India's economic liberalization reforms of 1991 were significantly initiated under Prime Minister Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister:

Explanation: India's 1991 economic liberalization reforms were significantly initiated under PM Narasimha Rao and Finance Minister Manmohan Singh.

QUESTION 173 OF 202

The Pokhran-II nuclear tests, confirming India's nuclear weapons capability, were conducted in which year?

Explanation: The Pokhran-II nuclear tests, confirming India's nuclear weapons capability, were conducted in 1998.

QUESTION 174 OF 202

The Kargil War between India and Pakistan took place in which year?

Explanation: The Kargil War between India and Pakistan took place in 1999.

QUESTION 175 OF 202

The first Indian to travel to space was:

Explanation: Rakesh Sharma was the first Indian to travel to space, aboard a Soviet spacecraft in 1984.

QUESTION 176 OF 202

The Bhopal Gas Tragedy, one of the world's worst industrial disasters, occurred in which year?

Explanation: The Bhopal Gas Tragedy, one of the world's worst industrial disasters, occurred in 1984.

QUESTION 177 OF 202

The Green Revolution in India, boosting agricultural productivity, is particularly associated with the work of:

Explanation: India's Green Revolution, boosting agricultural productivity, involved key contributions from both M.S. Swaminathan and Norman Borlaug.

QUESTION 178 OF 202

The White Revolution (Operation Flood), boosting milk production in India, is associated with:

Explanation: The White Revolution (Operation Flood), boosting India's milk production, is associated with Verghese Kurien.

QUESTION 179 OF 202

The Bhoodan Movement, encouraging voluntary land redistribution, was led by:

Explanation: The Bhoodan Movement, encouraging voluntary land redistribution, was led by Vinoba Bhave.

QUESTION 180 OF 202

The Chipko Movement, an early environmental conservation movement in India, began in which state?

Explanation: The Chipko Movement, an early environmental conservation movement, began in the Uttarakhand region (then part of Uttar Pradesh).

QUESTION 181 OF 202

The Narmada Bachao Andolan, opposing large dam projects, was notably led by:

Explanation: The Narmada Bachao Andolan, opposing large dam projects, was notably led by Medha Patkar.

QUESTION 182 OF 202

The Mandal Commission, whose recommendations sparked major protests in 1990, primarily addressed reservations for:

Explanation: The Mandal Commission's recommendations, sparking major protests in 1990, primarily addressed reservations for Other Backward Classes (OBCs).

QUESTION 183 OF 202

The demolition of the Babri Masjid, a major event in modern Indian history, occurred in which year?

Explanation: The demolition of the Babri Masjid, a major event in modern Indian history, occurred in 1992.

QUESTION 184 OF 202

The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (1992) primarily strengthened which level of governance?

Explanation: The 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (1992) strengthened Panchayati Raj and urban municipal governance respectively.

QUESTION 185 OF 202

Homi J. Bhabha is regarded as the father of India's:

Explanation: Homi J. Bhabha is regarded as the father of India's nuclear program.

QUESTION 186 OF 202

Vikram Sarabhai is regarded as the father of India's:

Explanation: Vikram Sarabhai is regarded as the father of India's space program.

QUESTION 187 OF 202

The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched its first satellite, Aryabhata, in which year?

Explanation: ISRO successfully launched its first satellite, Aryabhata, in 1975.

QUESTION 188 OF 202

India's Chandrayaan-1 mission, which discovered evidence of water on the Moon, was launched in which year?

Explanation: India's Chandrayaan-1 mission, which discovered evidence of water on the Moon, was launched in 2008.

QUESTION 189 OF 202

India's Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission) made India the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, achieved in which year?

Explanation: India's Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission) made India the first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, achieved in 2014.

QUESTION 190 OF 202

The Indian rupee was devalued significantly in 1991 as part of reforms responding to a severe:

Explanation: The Indian rupee was devalued significantly in 1991 as part of reforms responding to a severe balance of payments crisis.

QUESTION 191 OF 202

The Right to Information (RTI) Act, empowering citizens to seek government information, was passed in which year?

Explanation: The Right to Information (RTI) Act, empowering citizens to seek government information, was passed in 2005.

QUESTION 192 OF 202

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) was implemented in India in which year, unifying indirect taxation?

Explanation: The Goods and Services Tax (GST), unifying indirect taxation, was implemented in India in 2017.

QUESTION 193 OF 202

India's demonetisation of ₹500 and ₹1,000 currency notes took place in which year?

Explanation: India's demonetisation of ₹500 and ₹1,000 currency notes took place in 2016.

QUESTION 194 OF 202

The Panchsheel Agreement (1954), outlining principles of peaceful coexistence, was signed between India and:

Explanation: The Panchsheel Agreement (1954), outlining principles of peaceful coexistence, was signed between India and China.

QUESTION 195 OF 202

The Non-Aligned Movement, which India co-founded, held its first summit in which city?

Explanation: The Non-Aligned Movement, which India co-founded, held its first summit in Belgrade.

QUESTION 196 OF 202

The Bandung Conference of 1955, a precursor to the Non-Aligned Movement, was attended prominently by which Indian Prime Minister?

Explanation: The 1955 Bandung Conference, a precursor to the Non-Aligned Movement, was prominently attended by PM Jawaharlal Nehru.

QUESTION 197 OF 202

Lal Bahadur Shastri, India's second Prime Minister, is particularly remembered for the slogan:

Explanation: Lal Bahadur Shastri, India's second Prime Minister, is remembered for the slogan 'Jai Jawan Jai Kisan'.

QUESTION 198 OF 202

The Sindhu (Indus) Waters Treaty, governing river water sharing, was signed between India and Pakistan in which year?

Explanation: The Sindhu (Indus) Waters Treaty, governing river water sharing, was signed between India and Pakistan in 1960.

QUESTION 199 OF 202

The Sindhu Waters Treaty was brokered with the mediation of which international institution?

Explanation: The Sindhu Waters Treaty was brokered with the mediation of the World Bank.

QUESTION 200 OF 202

India's first general elections, based on universal adult suffrage, were held in which year?

Explanation: India's first general elections, based on universal adult suffrage, were held in 1951-52.

QUESTION 201 OF 202

Sikkim became a full-fledged state of India in which year, following a referendum?

Explanation: Sikkim became a full-fledged state of India in 1975, following a referendum.

QUESTION 202 OF 202

The Vishwa Bharati University at Santiniketan was founded by:

Explanation: The Vishwa Bharati University at Santiniketan was founded by Rabindranath Tagore.

Modern Indian History - Static GK MCQs

Arrival of Europeans & Company Rule

Anglo-Indian Wars

Colonial Administrative & Land Policies

Revolt of 1857

Socio-Religious Reform Movements

Formation of INC & Early Nationalism

Peasant & Economic Protest Movements

Gandhian Era & Mass Movements

Revolutionary Movements

1919-1935 Nationalist Politics & Repressive Acts

Constitutional Developments & Acts

Path to Independence & Partition

Integration & Making of Independent India

Miscellaneous / General Knowledge

Want the complete UPSC Prelims audit?

Modern Indian History - Static GK MCQs

Arrival of Europeans & Company Rule

Anglo-Indian Wars

Colonial Administrative & Land Policies

Revolt of 1857

Socio-Religious Reform Movements

Social & Caste Reform Movements

Formation of INC & Early Nationalism

Peasant & Economic Protest Movements

Gandhian Era & Mass Movements

Revolutionary Movements

1919-1935 Nationalist Politics & Repressive Acts

Constitutional Developments & Acts

Path to Independence & Partition

Integration & Making of Independent India

Miscellaneous / General Knowledge

Want the complete UPSC Prelims audit?